diff --git a/patches/api/Adventure.patch b/patches/api/Adventure.patch
index 38d73de462..1cf8d3c76b 100644
--- a/patches/api/Adventure.patch
+++ b/patches/api/Adventure.patch
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
      withJavadocJar()
  }
  
-+val adventureVersion = "4.8.1"
++val adventureVersion = "4.9.1"
 +val apiAndDocs by configurations.creating {
 +    attributes {
 +        attribute(Category.CATEGORY_ATTRIBUTE, objects.named(Category.DOCUMENTATION))
@@ -1696,6 +1696,25 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
 +    @Deprecated // Paper
      public void sendSignChange(@NotNull Location loc, @Nullable String[] lines, @NotNull DyeColor dyeColor, boolean hasGlowingText) throws IllegalArgumentException;
  
+     /**
+@@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public interface Player extends HumanEntity, Conversable, OfflinePlayer, PluginM
+      *
+      * @param title Title text
+      * @param subtitle Subtitle text
+-     * @deprecated API behavior subject to change
++     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)} or {@link #sendTitlePart(net.kyori.adventure.title.TitlePart, Object)}
+      */
+     @Deprecated
+     public void sendTitle(@Nullable String title, @Nullable String subtitle);
+@@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public interface Player extends HumanEntity, Conversable, OfflinePlayer, PluginM
+      * @param fadeIn time in ticks for titles to fade in. Defaults to 10.
+      * @param stay time in ticks for titles to stay. Defaults to 70.
+      * @param fadeOut time in ticks for titles to fade out. Defaults to 20.
++     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)} or {@link #sendTitlePart(net.kyori.adventure.title.TitlePart, Object)}
+      */
++    @Deprecated // Paper - Adventure
+     public void sendTitle(@Nullable String title, @Nullable String subtitle, int fadeIn, int stay, int fadeOut);
+ 
      /**
 @@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public interface Player extends HumanEntity, Conversable, OfflinePlayer, PluginM
       */
@@ -3571,6 +3590,45 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
 +    public @NotNull MapCursor addCursor(int x, int y, byte direction, byte type, boolean visible, @Nullable net.kyori.adventure.text.Component caption) {
 +        return addCursor(new MapCursor((byte) x, (byte) y, direction, type, visible, caption));
 +    }
++    // Paper end
+ }
+diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/permissions/Permissible.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/permissions/Permissible.java
+index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 100644
+--- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/permissions/Permissible.java
++++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/permissions/Permissible.java
+@@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public interface Permissible extends ServerOperator {
+      */
+     @NotNull
+     public Set<PermissionAttachmentInfo> getEffectivePermissions();
++
++    // Paper start - add TriState permission checks
++    /**
++     * Checks if this object has a permission set and, if it is set, the value of the permission.
++     *
++     * @param permission the permission to check
++     * @return a tri-state of if the permission is set and, if it is set, it's value
++     */
++    default net.kyori.adventure.util.@NotNull TriState permissionValue(final @NotNull Permission permission) {
++        if (this.isPermissionSet(permission)) {
++            return net.kyori.adventure.util.TriState.byBoolean(this.hasPermission(permission));
++        } else {
++            return net.kyori.adventure.util.TriState.NOT_SET;
++        }
++    }
++
++    /**
++     * Checks if this object has a permission set and, if it is set, the value of the permission.
++     *
++     * @param permission the permission to check
++     * @return a tri-state of if the permission is set and, if it is set, it's value
++     */
++    default net.kyori.adventure.util.@NotNull TriState permissionValue(final @NotNull String permission) {
++        if (this.isPermissionSet(permission)) {
++            return net.kyori.adventure.util.TriState.byBoolean(this.hasPermission(permission));
++        } else {
++            return net.kyori.adventure.util.TriState.NOT_SET;
++        }
++    }
 +    // Paper end
  }
 diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/scoreboard/Objective.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/scoreboard/Objective.java
diff --git a/patches/api/Build-system-changes.patch b/patches/api/Build-system-changes.patch
index a3b571a649..1f81d1cffe 100644
--- a/patches/api/Build-system-changes.patch
+++ b/patches/api/Build-system-changes.patch
@@ -24,6 +24,15 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
      compileOnly(annotations)
      testCompileOnly(annotations)
  
++    // Paper start - add checker
++    val checkerAnnotations = "org.checkerframework:checker-qual:3.18.0"
++    compileOnlyApi(checkerAnnotations)
++    testCompileOnly(checkerAnnotations)
++    // Paper end
++
+     testImplementation("junit:junit:4.13.1")
+     testImplementation("org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.3")
+     testImplementation("org.ow2.asm:asm-tree:9.2")
 @@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ tasks.withType<Javadoc>().configureEach {
      (options as StandardJavadocDocletOptions).links(
          "https://guava.dev/releases/21.0/api/docs/",
diff --git a/patches/api/Player-Tab-List-and-Title-APIs.patch b/patches/api/Player-Tab-List-and-Title-APIs.patch
index 7d7d129e72..46f121705b 100644
--- a/patches/api/Player-Tab-List-and-Title-APIs.patch
+++ b/patches/api/Player-Tab-List-and-Title-APIs.patch
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
 +     * @param fadeInTicks  ticks to fade-in
 +     * @param stayTicks    ticks to stay visible
 +     * @param fadeOutTicks ticks to fade-out
-+     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)} 
++     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)} or {@link #sendTitlePart(net.kyori.adventure.title.TitlePart, Object)}
 +     */
 +    @Deprecated
 +    public void setTitleTimes(int fadeInTicks, int stayTicks, int fadeOutTicks);
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
 +     * Update the subtitle of titles displayed to the player
 +     *
 +     * @param subtitle Subtitle to set
-+     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)}
++     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)} or {@link #sendTitlePart(net.kyori.adventure.title.TitlePart, Object)}
 +     */
 +    @Deprecated
 +    public void setSubtitle(net.md_5.bungee.api.chat.BaseComponent[] subtitle);
@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
 +     * Update the subtitle of titles displayed to the player
 +     *
 +     * @param subtitle Subtitle to set
-+     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)}
++     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)} or {@link #sendTitlePart(net.kyori.adventure.title.TitlePart, Object)}
 +     */
 +    @Deprecated
 +    public void setSubtitle(net.md_5.bungee.api.chat.BaseComponent subtitle);
@@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
 +     * Show the given title to the player, along with the last subtitle set, using the last set times
 +     *
 +     * @param title Title to set
-+     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)}
++     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)} or {@link #sendTitlePart(net.kyori.adventure.title.TitlePart, Object)}
 +     */
 +    @Deprecated
 +    public void showTitle(@Nullable net.md_5.bungee.api.chat.BaseComponent[] title);
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
 +     * Show the given title to the player, along with the last subtitle set, using the last set times
 +     *
 +     * @param title Title to set
-+     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)}
++     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)} or {@link #sendTitlePart(net.kyori.adventure.title.TitlePart, Object)}
 +     */
 +    @Deprecated
 +    public void showTitle(@Nullable net.md_5.bungee.api.chat.BaseComponent title);
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
 +     * @param fadeInTicks  ticks to fade-in
 +     * @param stayTicks    ticks to stay visible
 +     * @param fadeOutTicks ticks to fade-out
-+     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)}
++     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)} or {@link #sendTitlePart(net.kyori.adventure.title.TitlePart, Object)}
 +     */
 +    @Deprecated
 +    public void showTitle(@Nullable net.md_5.bungee.api.chat.BaseComponent[] title, @Nullable net.md_5.bungee.api.chat.BaseComponent[] subtitle, int fadeInTicks, int stayTicks, int fadeOutTicks);
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
 +     * @param fadeInTicks  ticks to fade-in
 +     * @param stayTicks    ticks to stay visible
 +     * @param fadeOutTicks ticks to fade-out
-+     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)}
++     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)} or {@link #sendTitlePart(net.kyori.adventure.title.TitlePart, Object)}
 +     */
 +    @Deprecated
 +    public void showTitle(@Nullable net.md_5.bungee.api.chat.BaseComponent title, @Nullable net.md_5.bungee.api.chat.BaseComponent subtitle, int fadeInTicks, int stayTicks, int fadeOutTicks);
@@ -548,7 +548,7 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
 +     *
 +     * @param title the title to send
 +     * @throws NullPointerException if the title is null
-+     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)}
++     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)} or {@link #sendTitlePart(net.kyori.adventure.title.TitlePart, Object)}
 +     */
 +    @Deprecated
 +    void sendTitle(@NotNull Title title);
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
 +     *
 +     * @param title the title to send
 +     * @throws NullPointerException if title is null
-+     * @deprecated use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)}
++     * @deprecated Use {@link #showTitle(net.kyori.adventure.title.Title)} or {@link #sendTitlePart(net.kyori.adventure.title.TitlePart, Object)}
 +     */
 +    @Deprecated
 +    void updateTitle(@NotNull Title title);
diff --git a/patches/server/Adventure.patch b/patches/server/Adventure.patch
index de3c95454c..ecbea39de8 100644
--- a/patches/server/Adventure.patch
+++ b/patches/server/Adventure.patch
@@ -1854,6 +1854,37 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
 +    }
      // Paper end
  }
+diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftWorld.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftWorld.java
+index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 100644
+--- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftWorld.java
++++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftWorld.java
+@@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public class CraftWorld extends CraftRegionAccessor implements World {
+     private int waterAnimalSpawn = -1;
+     private int waterAmbientSpawn = -1;
+     private int ambientSpawn = -1;
++    private net.kyori.adventure.pointer.Pointers adventure$pointers; // Paper - implement pointers
+ 
+     private static final Random rand = new Random();
+ 
+@@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public class CraftWorld extends CraftRegionAccessor implements World {
+         return this.spigot;
+     }
+     // Spigot end
++
++    // Paper start - implement pointers
++    @Override
++    public net.kyori.adventure.pointer.Pointers pointers() {
++        if (this.adventure$pointers == null) {
++            this.adventure$pointers = net.kyori.adventure.pointer.Pointers.builder()
++                .withDynamic(net.kyori.adventure.identity.Identity.NAME, this::getName)
++                .withDynamic(net.kyori.adventure.identity.Identity.UUID, this::getUID)
++                .build();
++        }
++
++        return this.adventure$pointers;
++    }
++    // Paper end
+ }
 diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/Main.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/Main.java
 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/Main.java
@@ -2144,6 +2175,37 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
      @Override
      public boolean isPermissionSet(String name) {
          return this.getCaller().isPermissionSet(name);
+diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/command/ServerCommandSender.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/command/ServerCommandSender.java
+index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 100644
+--- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/command/ServerCommandSender.java
++++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/command/ServerCommandSender.java
+@@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ import org.bukkit.plugin.Plugin;
+ public abstract class ServerCommandSender implements CommandSender {
+     private static PermissibleBase blockPermInst;
+     private final PermissibleBase perm;
++    private net.kyori.adventure.pointer.Pointers adventure$pointers; // Paper - implement pointers
+ 
+     public ServerCommandSender() {
+         if (this instanceof CraftBlockCommandSender) {
+@@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public abstract class ServerCommandSender implements CommandSender {
+         return this.spigot;
+     }
+     // Spigot end
++
++    // Paper start - implement pointers
++    @Override
++    public net.kyori.adventure.pointer.Pointers pointers() {
++        if (this.adventure$pointers == null) {
++            this.adventure$pointers = net.kyori.adventure.pointer.Pointers.builder()
++                .withDynamic(net.kyori.adventure.identity.Identity.DISPLAY_NAME, this::name)
++                .withStatic(net.kyori.adventure.permission.PermissionChecker.POINTER, this::permissionValue)
++                .build();
++        }
++
++        return this.adventure$pointers;
++    }
++    // Paper end
+ }
 diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/enchantments/CraftEnchantment.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/enchantments/CraftEnchantment.java
 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/enchantments/CraftEnchantment.java
@@ -2165,6 +2227,14 @@ diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/entity/CraftEntity.java b/src/
 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/entity/CraftEntity.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/entity/CraftEntity.java
+@@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public abstract class CraftEntity implements org.bukkit.entity.Entity {
+     protected Entity entity;
+     private EntityDamageEvent lastDamageEvent;
+     private final CraftPersistentDataContainer persistentDataContainer = new CraftPersistentDataContainer(CraftEntity.DATA_TYPE_REGISTRY);
++    protected net.kyori.adventure.pointer.Pointers adventure$pointers; // Paper - implement pointers
+ 
+     public CraftEntity(final CraftServer server, final Entity entity) {
+         this.server = server;
 @@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public abstract class CraftEntity implements org.bukkit.entity.Entity {
          return this.getHandle().getVehicle().getBukkitEntity();
      }
@@ -2180,6 +2250,19 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
 +    public void customName(final net.kyori.adventure.text.Component customName) {
 +        this.getHandle().setCustomName(customName != null ? io.papermc.paper.adventure.PaperAdventure.asVanilla(customName) : null);
 +    }
++
++    @Override
++    public net.kyori.adventure.pointer.Pointers pointers() {
++        if (this.adventure$pointers == null) {
++            this.adventure$pointers = net.kyori.adventure.pointer.Pointers.builder()
++                .withDynamic(net.kyori.adventure.identity.Identity.DISPLAY_NAME, this::name)
++                .withDynamic(net.kyori.adventure.identity.Identity.UUID, this::getUniqueId)
++                .withStatic(net.kyori.adventure.permission.PermissionChecker.POINTER, this::permissionValue)
++                .build();
++        }
++
++        return this.adventure$pointers;
++    }
 +    // Paper end
 +
      @Override
@@ -2508,6 +2591,26 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
 +        connection.send(tp);
 +    }
 +
++    @Override
++    public <T> void sendTitlePart(final net.kyori.adventure.title.TitlePart<T> part, T value) {
++        java.util.Objects.requireNonNull(part, "part");
++        java.util.Objects.requireNonNull(value, "value");
++        if (part == net.kyori.adventure.title.TitlePart.TITLE) {
++            final ClientboundSetTitleTextPacket tp = new ClientboundSetTitleTextPacket((net.minecraft.network.chat.Component) null);
++            tp.adventure$text = (net.kyori.adventure.text.Component) value;
++            this.getHandle().connection.send(tp);
++        } else if (part == net.kyori.adventure.title.TitlePart.SUBTITLE) {
++            final ClientboundSetSubtitleTextPacket sp = new ClientboundSetSubtitleTextPacket((net.minecraft.network.chat.Component) null);
++            sp.adventure$text = (net.kyori.adventure.text.Component) value;
++            this.getHandle().connection.send(sp);
++        } else if (part == net.kyori.adventure.title.TitlePart.TIMES) {
++            final net.kyori.adventure.title.Title.Times times = (net.kyori.adventure.title.Title.Times) value;
++            this.getHandle().connection.send(new ClientboundSetTitlesAnimationPacket(ticks(times.fadeIn()), ticks(times.stay()), ticks(times.fadeOut())));
++        } else {
++            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown TitlePart");
++        }
++    }
++
 +    private static int ticks(final java.time.Duration duration) {
 +        if (duration == null) {
 +            return -1;
@@ -2590,6 +2693,21 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
 +        connection.send(new net.minecraft.network.protocol.game.ClientboundOpenBookPacket(net.minecraft.world.InteractionHand.MAIN_HAND));
 +        connection.send(new net.minecraft.network.protocol.game.ClientboundContainerSetSlotPacket(0, stateId, slot, inventory.getSelected()));
 +    }
++
++    @Override
++    public net.kyori.adventure.pointer.Pointers pointers() {
++        if (this.adventure$pointers == null) {
++            this.adventure$pointers = net.kyori.adventure.pointer.Pointers.builder()
++                .withDynamic(net.kyori.adventure.identity.Identity.DISPLAY_NAME, this::displayName)
++                .withDynamic(net.kyori.adventure.identity.Identity.NAME, this::getName)
++                .withDynamic(net.kyori.adventure.identity.Identity.UUID, this::getUniqueId)
++                .withStatic(net.kyori.adventure.permission.PermissionChecker.POINTER, this::permissionValue)
++                .withDynamic(net.kyori.adventure.identity.Identity.LOCALE, this::locale)
++                .build();
++        }
++
++        return this.adventure$pointers;
++    }
 +    // Paper end
 +
      // Spigot start
diff --git a/patches/server/Expose-attack-cooldown-methods-for-Player.patch b/patches/server/Expose-attack-cooldown-methods-for-Player.patch
index 24b2e7f6f8..1dee849592 100644
--- a/patches/server/Expose-attack-cooldown-methods-for-Player.patch
+++ b/patches/server/Expose-attack-cooldown-methods-for-Player.patch
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
 --- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/entity/CraftPlayer.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/entity/CraftPlayer.java
 @@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public class CraftPlayer extends CraftHumanEntity implements Player {
-         connection.send(new net.minecraft.network.protocol.game.ClientboundOpenBookPacket(net.minecraft.world.InteractionHand.MAIN_HAND));
-         connection.send(new net.minecraft.network.protocol.game.ClientboundContainerSetSlotPacket(0, stateId, slot, inventory.getSelected()));
+ 
+         return this.adventure$pointers;
      }
 +
 +    @Override
diff --git a/patches/server/Provide-E-TE-Chunk-count-stat-methods.patch b/patches/server/Provide-E-TE-Chunk-count-stat-methods.patch
index 131510c186..ff9d72ee63 100644
--- a/patches/server/Provide-E-TE-Chunk-count-stat-methods.patch
+++ b/patches/server/Provide-E-TE-Chunk-count-stat-methods.patch
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..00000000000000000000000000000000
 --- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftWorld.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftWorld.java
 @@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public class CraftWorld extends CraftRegionAccessor implements World {
-     private int waterAmbientSpawn = -1;
      private int ambientSpawn = -1;
+     private net.kyori.adventure.pointer.Pointers adventure$pointers; // Paper - implement pointers
  
 +    // Paper start - Provide fast information methods
 +    @Override