PaperMC/Spigot-Server-Patches/Make-region-files-more-reliable-to-write-to.patch

From 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Spottedleaf <Spottedleaf@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 1 Apr 2019 18:57:32 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] Make region files more reliable to write to

Previously we would write to header before writing our chunk data,
which opens a window for corruption (or we would overwrite entirely).
Now the saving process has been changed to follow this chain of events:

1. We always allocate a new space to write so we do not potentially
overwrite and corrupt the current data
2. Write the chunk data first (the order of the fields in
the chunk data isn't relevant though)
3. Flush to disk (if the launch flag is used)
4. Write to the region header last
5. Flush to disk (if the launch flag is used)
6. Then we free the previous space allocated

With this chain of events it is impossible for a chunk write to corrupt
a region file, unless the operating system has lied and we have NOT flushed
to disk.

However server administrators are still recommended to continue performing
regular backups.

Note that when Mojang finally decides to change their region format
to deal with oversized chunks this patch must be changed to deal with
whatever system they decide to impose.

If the paper.flush-on-save startup flag is set to true, then the
steps 3 and 5 will make a call to sync() on the region file's fd,
effectively flushing to disk.

We also make use of two flushes to disk per chunk save (to ensure
ordering and ensure data has gone to disk), so this will negatively
affect save performance if the startup flag is used (especially on
HDDs).

diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/RegionFile.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/RegionFile.java
index 82f7af46f8..e5659980b3 100644
--- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/RegionFile.java
+++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/RegionFile.java
@@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public class RegionFile {
     private RandomAccessFile c;private RandomAccessFile getDataFile() { return c; } // Paper - OBFHELPER
     private final int[] d = new int[1024];private int[] offsets = d; // Paper - OBFHELPER
     private final int[] e = new int[1024];private int[] timestamps = e; // Paper - OBFHELPER
-    private List<Boolean> f;
+    private List<Boolean> f; private List<Boolean> getFreeSectors() { return this.f; } // Paper - OBFHELPER
     private int g;
     private long h;
 
@@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public class RegionFile {
     protected synchronized void a(int i, int j, byte[] abyte, int k) {
         try {
             int l = this.getOffset(i, j);
-            int i1 = l >> 8;
-            int j1 = l & 255;
+            int i1 = l >> 8; final int oldSectorOffset = i1; // Paper - store variable for later
+            int j1 = l & 255; final int oldSectorCount; // Paper - store variable for later
             // Spigot start
             if (j1 == 255) {
                 this.c.seek(i1 * 4096);
                 j1 = (this.c.readInt() + 4) / 4096 + 1;
             }
             // Spigot end
+            oldSectorCount = j1; // Paper - store variable for later (watch out for re-assignments of j1)
             int k1 = (k + 5) / 4096 + 1;
 
             if (k1 >= 256) {
@@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public class RegionFile {
                 // Spigot end
             }
 
-            if (i1 != 0 && j1 == k1) {
+            if (false && i1 != 0 && j1 == k1) { // Paper - We never want to overrite old data
                 this.a(i1, abyte, k);
             } else {
                 int l1;
 
-                for (l1 = 0; l1 < j1; ++l1) {
-                    this.f.set(i1 + l1, true);
-                }
+                // Paper - We do not free old sectors until we are done writing the new chunk data
 
                 l1 = this.f.indexOf(true);
                 int i2 = 0;
@@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public class RegionFile {
 
                 if (i2 >= k1) {
                     i1 = l1;
-                    this.a(i, j, l1 << 8 | (k1 > 255 ? 255 : k1)); // Spigot
+                    //this.a(i, j, l1 << 8 | (k1 > 255 ? 255 : k1)); // Spigot // Paper - We only write to header after we've written chunk data
 
                     for (j2 = 0; j2 < k1; ++j2) {
                         this.f.set(i1 + j2, false);
                     }
 
-                    this.a(i1, abyte, k);
+                    this.writeChunk(i, j,i1 << 8 | (k1 > 255 ? 255 : k1), i1, abyte, k); // Paper - Ensure we do not corrupt region files
                 } else {
                     this.c.seek(this.c.length());
                     i1 = this.f.size();
@@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public class RegionFile {
                     }
 
                     this.g += 4096 * k1;
-                    this.a(i1, abyte, k);
-                    this.a(i, j, i1 << 8 | (k1 > 255 ? 255 : k1)); // Spigot
+                    this.writeChunk(i, j, i1 << 8 | (k1 > 255 ? 255 : k1), i1, abyte, k); // Paper - Ensure we do not corrupt region files
+                }
+
+                // Paper start - Now that we've written the new chunk we can free the old data
+                for (int off = 0; off < oldSectorCount; ++off) {
+                    this.getFreeSectors().set(oldSectorOffset + off, true);
                 }
+                // Paper end
             }
 
             this.b(i, j, (int) (SystemUtils.getTimeMillis() / 1000L));
@@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public class RegionFile {
 
     }
 
+    private void writeChunkData(final int sectorOffset, final byte[] data, final int dataLength) throws IOException { this.a(sectorOffset, data, dataLength); } // Paper - OBFHELPER
     private void a(int i, byte[] abyte, int j) throws IOException {
         this.c.seek((long) (i * 4096));
-        this.c.writeInt(j + 1);
-        this.c.writeByte(2);
+        this.writeIntAndByte(j + 1, (byte)2); // Paper - Avoid 4 io write calls
         this.c.write(abyte, 0, j);
     }
 
@@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public class RegionFile {
         return this.getOffset(i, j) != 0;
     }
 
+    private void updateChunkHeader(final int x, final int z, final int offset) throws IOException { this.a(x, z, offset); } // Paper - OBFHELPER
     private void a(int i, int j, int k) throws IOException {
         this.d[i + j * 32] = k;
         this.c.seek((long) ((i + j * 32) * 4));
-        this.c.writeInt(k);
+        this.writeInt(k); // Paper - Avoid 3 io write calls
     }
 
     private void b(int i, int j, int k) throws IOException {
         this.e[i + j * 32] = k;
         this.c.seek((long) (4096 + (i + j * 32) * 4));
-        this.c.writeInt(k);
+        this.writeInt(k); // Paper - Avoid 3 io write calls
     }
 
     public void close() throws IOException {
@@ -0,0 +0,0 @@ public class RegionFile {
     }
 
     // Paper start
+    private static final boolean FLUSH_ON_SAVE = Boolean.getBoolean("paper.flush-on-save");
+    private void syncRegionFile() throws IOException {
+        if (!FLUSH_ON_SAVE) {
+            return;
+        }
+        this.getDataFile().getFD().sync(); // rethrow exception as we want to avoid corrupting a regionfile
+    }
+
+    private final java.nio.ByteBuffer scratchBuffer = java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocate(8);
+
+    private void writeInt(final int value) throws IOException {
+        synchronized (scratchBuffer) {
+            this.scratchBuffer.putInt(0, value);
+            this.getDataFile().write(this.scratchBuffer.array(), 0, 4);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // writes v1 then v2
+    private void writeIntAndByte(final int v1, final byte v2) throws IOException {
+        synchronized (scratchBuffer) {
+            this.scratchBuffer.putInt(0, v1);
+            this.scratchBuffer.put(4, v2);
+            this.getDataFile().write(this.scratchBuffer.array(), 0, 5);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void writeChunk(final int x, final int z, final int chunkHeaderData,
+                            final int chunkOffset, final byte[] chunkData, final int chunkDataLength) throws IOException {
+        this.writeChunkData(chunkOffset, chunkData, chunkDataLength);
+        this.syncRegionFile(); // Sync is required to ensure the previous data is written successfully
+        this.updateChunkHeader(x, z, chunkHeaderData);
+        this.syncRegionFile(); // Ensure header changes go through
+    }
+
     public synchronized void deleteChunk(int j1) {
         backup();
         int k = offsets[j1];
--