diff --git a/axum-core/Cargo.toml b/axum-core/Cargo.toml
index 0a21e94d..8c5dd950 100644
--- a/axum-core/Cargo.toml
+++ b/axum-core/Cargo.toml
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ axum = { path = "../axum", version = "0.6.0", features = ["headers"] }
 futures-util = "0.3"
 hyper = "0.14"
 tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["macros"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.3.4", features = ["limit"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["limit"] }
 
 [package.metadata.cargo-public-api-crates]
 allowed = [
diff --git a/axum-extra/CHANGELOG.md b/axum-extra/CHANGELOG.md
index 67503b9b..a31890b4 100644
--- a/axum-extra/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/axum-extra/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning].
 
 # Unreleased
 
+- **breaking:** `SpaRouter::handle_error` has been removed ([#1783])
 - **breaking:**  Change casing of `ProtoBuf` to `Protobuf` ([#1595])
 
+[#1783]: https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/1783
 [#1595]: https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/1595
 
 # 0.5.0 (12. February, 2022)
diff --git a/axum-extra/Cargo.toml b/axum-extra/Cargo.toml
index 4fa4396c..01f9cec6 100644
--- a/axum-extra/Cargo.toml
+++ b/axum-extra/Cargo.toml
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ mime = "0.3"
 pin-project-lite = "0.2"
 tokio = "1.19"
 tower = { version = "0.4", default_features = false, features = ["util"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.3", features = ["map-response-body"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["map-response-body"] }
 tower-layer = "0.3"
 tower-service = "0.3"
 
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0.71"
 tokio = { version = "1.14", features = ["full"] }
 tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["util"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.3", features = ["map-response-body", "timeout"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["map-response-body", "timeout"] }
 
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 all-features = true
diff --git a/axum-extra/src/routing/spa.rs b/axum-extra/src/routing/spa.rs
index ad8d8af1..8e95b5fc 100644
--- a/axum-extra/src/routing/spa.rs
+++ b/axum-extra/src/routing/spa.rs
@@ -1,23 +1,15 @@
 use axum::{
     body::{Body, HttpBody},
-    error_handling::HandleError,
-    response::IntoResponse,
-    routing::{get_service, Route},
     Router,
 };
-use http::{Request, StatusCode};
 use std::{
     any::type_name,
-    convert::Infallible,
     fmt,
-    future::{ready, Ready},
-    io,
     marker::PhantomData,
     path::{Path, PathBuf},
     sync::Arc,
 };
 use tower_http::services::{ServeDir, ServeFile};
-use tower_service::Service;
 
 /// Router for single page applications.
 ///
@@ -50,10 +42,9 @@ use tower_service::Service;
 /// - `GET /some/other/path` will serve `index.html` since there isn't another
 ///   route for it
 /// - `GET /api/foo` will serve the `api_foo` handler function
-pub struct SpaRouter<S = (), B = Body, T = (), F = fn(io::Error) -> Ready<StatusCode>> {
+pub struct SpaRouter<S = (), B = Body> {
     paths: Arc<Paths>,
-    handle_error: F,
-    _marker: PhantomData<fn() -> (S, B, T)>,
+    _marker: PhantomData<fn() -> (S, B)>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -63,7 +54,7 @@ struct Paths {
     index_file: PathBuf,
 }
 
-impl<S, B> SpaRouter<S, B, (), fn(io::Error) -> Ready<StatusCode>> {
+impl<S, B> SpaRouter<S, B> {
     /// Create a new `SpaRouter`.
     ///
     /// Assets will be served at `GET /{serve_assets_at}` from the directory at `assets_dir`.
@@ -80,13 +71,12 @@ impl<S, B> SpaRouter<S, B, (), fn(io::Error) -> Ready<StatusCode>> {
                 assets_dir: path.to_owned(),
                 index_file: path.join("index.html"),
             }),
-            handle_error: |_| ready(StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR),
             _marker: PhantomData,
         }
     }
 }
 
-impl<S, B, T, F> SpaRouter<S, B, T, F> {
+impl<S, B> SpaRouter<S, B> {
     /// Set the path to the index file.
     ///
     /// `path` must be relative to `assets_dir` passed to [`SpaRouter::new`].
@@ -114,72 +104,27 @@ impl<S, B, T, F> SpaRouter<S, B, T, F> {
         });
         self
     }
-
-    /// Change the function used to handle unknown IO errors.
-    ///
-    /// `SpaRouter` automatically maps missing files and permission denied to
-    /// `404 Not Found`. The callback given here will be used for other IO errors.
-    ///
-    /// See [`axum::error_handling::HandleErrorLayer`] for more details.
-    ///
-    /// # Example
-    ///
-    /// ```
-    /// use std::io;
-    /// use axum_extra::routing::SpaRouter;
-    /// use axum::{Router, http::{Method, Uri}};
-    ///
-    /// let spa = SpaRouter::new("/assets", "dist").handle_error(handle_error);
-    ///
-    /// async fn handle_error(method: Method, uri: Uri, err: io::Error) -> String {
-    ///     format!("{} {} failed with {}", method, uri, err)
-    /// }
-    ///
-    /// let app = Router::new().merge(spa);
-    /// # let _: Router = app;
-    /// ```
-    pub fn handle_error<T2, F2>(self, f: F2) -> SpaRouter<S, B, T2, F2> {
-        SpaRouter {
-            paths: self.paths,
-            handle_error: f,
-            _marker: PhantomData,
-        }
-    }
 }
 
-impl<S, B, F, T> From<SpaRouter<S, B, T, F>> for Router<S, B>
+impl<S, B> From<SpaRouter<S, B>> for Router<S, B>
 where
-    F: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
-    HandleError<Route<B, io::Error>, F, T>: Service<Request<B>, Error = Infallible>,
-    <HandleError<Route<B, io::Error>, F, T> as Service<Request<B>>>::Response: IntoResponse + Send,
-    <HandleError<Route<B, io::Error>, F, T> as Service<Request<B>>>::Future: Send,
     B: HttpBody + Send + 'static,
-    T: 'static,
     S: Clone + Send + Sync + 'static,
 {
-    fn from(spa: SpaRouter<S, B, T, F>) -> Router<S, B> {
-        let assets_service = get_service(ServeDir::new(&spa.paths.assets_dir))
-            .handle_error(spa.handle_error.clone());
-
+    fn from(spa: SpaRouter<S, B>) -> Router<S, B> {
+        let assets_service = ServeDir::new(&spa.paths.assets_dir);
         Router::new()
             .nest_service(&spa.paths.assets_path, assets_service)
-            .fallback_service(
-                get_service(ServeFile::new(&spa.paths.index_file)).handle_error(spa.handle_error),
-            )
+            .fallback_service(ServeFile::new(&spa.paths.index_file))
     }
 }
 
-impl<B, T, F> fmt::Debug for SpaRouter<B, T, F> {
+impl<B, T> fmt::Debug for SpaRouter<B, T> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        let Self {
-            paths,
-            handle_error: _,
-            _marker,
-        } = self;
+        let Self { paths, _marker } = self;
 
         f.debug_struct("SpaRouter")
             .field("paths", &paths)
-            .field("handle_error", &format_args!("{}", type_name::<F>()))
             .field("request_body_type", &format_args!("{}", type_name::<B>()))
             .field(
                 "extractor_input_type",
@@ -189,14 +134,10 @@ impl<B, T, F> fmt::Debug for SpaRouter<B, T, F> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<B, T, F> Clone for SpaRouter<B, T, F>
-where
-    F: Clone,
-{
+impl<B, T> Clone for SpaRouter<B, T> {
     fn clone(&self) -> Self {
         Self {
             paths: self.paths.clone(),
-            handle_error: self.handle_error,
             _marker: self._marker,
         }
     }
@@ -206,10 +147,8 @@ where
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use crate::test_helpers::*;
-    use axum::{
-        http::{Method, Uri},
-        routing::get,
-    };
+    use axum::routing::get;
+    use http::StatusCode;
 
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn basic() {
@@ -253,21 +192,6 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(res.text().await, "<strong>Hello, World!</strong>\n");
     }
 
-    // this should just compile
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    fn setting_error_handler() {
-        async fn handle_error(method: Method, uri: Uri, err: io::Error) -> (StatusCode, String) {
-            (
-                StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-                format!("{} {} failed. Error: {}", method, uri, err),
-            )
-        }
-
-        let spa = SpaRouter::new("/assets", "test_files").handle_error(handle_error);
-
-        Router::<(), Body>::new().merge(spa);
-    }
-
     #[allow(dead_code)]
     fn works_with_router_with_state() {
         let _: Router = Router::new()
diff --git a/axum/CHANGELOG.md b/axum/CHANGELOG.md
index f043259b..ead4c57f 100644
--- a/axum/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/axum/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 
 # Unreleased
 
-- None.
+- **changed:** Update to tower-http 0.4. axum is still compatible with tower-http 0.3
 
 # 0.6.8 (24. February, 2023)
 
diff --git a/axum/Cargo.toml b/axum/Cargo.toml
index 4acecb54..7ac9bdb1 100644
--- a/axum/Cargo.toml
+++ b/axum/Cargo.toml
@@ -27,7 +27,38 @@ tower-log = ["tower/log"]
 ws = ["tokio", "dep:tokio-tungstenite", "dep:sha1", "dep:base64"]
 
 # Required for intra-doc links to resolve correctly
-__private_docs = ["tower/full", "tower-http/full"]
+__private_docs = [
+    "tower/full",
+    # all tower-http features except (de)?compression-zstd which doesn't
+    # build on `--target armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi`
+    "tower-http/add-extension",
+    "tower-http/auth",
+    "tower-http/catch-panic",
+    "tower-http/compression-br",
+    "tower-http/compression-deflate",
+    "tower-http/compression-gzip",
+    "tower-http/cors",
+    "tower-http/decompression-br",
+    "tower-http/decompression-deflate",
+    "tower-http/decompression-gzip",
+    "tower-http/follow-redirect",
+    "tower-http/fs",
+    "tower-http/limit",
+    "tower-http/map-request-body",
+    "tower-http/map-response-body",
+    "tower-http/metrics",
+    "tower-http/normalize-path",
+    "tower-http/propagate-header",
+    "tower-http/redirect",
+    "tower-http/request-id",
+    "tower-http/sensitive-headers",
+    "tower-http/set-header",
+    "tower-http/set-status",
+    "tower-http/timeout",
+    "tower-http/trace",
+    "tower-http/util",
+    "tower-http/validate-request",
+]
 
 [dependencies]
 async-trait = "0.1.43"
@@ -47,7 +78,7 @@ pin-project-lite = "0.2.7"
 serde = "1.0"
 sync_wrapper = "0.1.1"
 tower = { version = "0.4.13", default-features = false, features = ["util"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.3.0", features = ["util", "map-response-body"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4", features = ["util", "map-response-body"] }
 tower-layer = "0.3.2"
 tower-service = "0.3"
 
@@ -98,8 +129,38 @@ features = [
 ]
 
 [dev-dependencies.tower-http]
-version = "0.3.4"
-features = ["full"]
+version = "0.4"
+features = [
+    # all tower-http features except (de)?compression-zstd which doesn't
+    # build on `--target armv5te-unknown-linux-musleabi`
+    "add-extension",
+    "auth",
+    "catch-panic",
+    "compression-br",
+    "compression-deflate",
+    "compression-gzip",
+    "cors",
+    "decompression-br",
+    "decompression-deflate",
+    "decompression-gzip",
+    "follow-redirect",
+    "fs",
+    "limit",
+    "map-request-body",
+    "map-response-body",
+    "metrics",
+    "normalize-path",
+    "propagate-header",
+    "redirect",
+    "request-id",
+    "sensitive-headers",
+    "set-header",
+    "set-status",
+    "timeout",
+    "trace",
+    "util",
+    "validate-request",
+]
 
 [package.metadata.playground]
 features = [
diff --git a/axum/src/docs/method_routing/route_layer.md b/axum/src/docs/method_routing/route_layer.md
index f8f17b9c..f497e8b1 100644
--- a/axum/src/docs/method_routing/route_layer.md
+++ b/axum/src/docs/method_routing/route_layer.md
@@ -17,12 +17,12 @@ use axum::{
     routing::get,
     Router,
 };
-use tower_http::auth::RequireAuthorizationLayer;
+use tower_http::validate_request::ValidateRequestHeaderLayer;
 
 let app = Router::new().route(
     "/foo",
     get(|| async {})
-        .route_layer(RequireAuthorizationLayer::bearer("password"))
+        .route_layer(ValidateRequestHeaderLayer::bearer("password"))
 );
 
 // `GET /foo` with a valid token will receive `200 OK`
diff --git a/axum/src/docs/routing/route_layer.md b/axum/src/docs/routing/route_layer.md
index 5aa0dec7..fe5b8faa 100644
--- a/axum/src/docs/routing/route_layer.md
+++ b/axum/src/docs/routing/route_layer.md
@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ use axum::{
     routing::get,
     Router,
 };
-use tower_http::auth::RequireAuthorizationLayer;
+use tower_http::validate_request::ValidateRequestHeaderLayer;
 
 let app = Router::new()
     .route("/foo", get(|| async {}))
-    .route_layer(RequireAuthorizationLayer::bearer("password"));
+    .route_layer(ValidateRequestHeaderLayer::bearer("password"));
 
 // `GET /foo` with a valid token will receive `200 OK`
 // `GET /foo` with a invalid token will receive `401 Unauthorized`
diff --git a/axum/src/docs/routing/route_service.md b/axum/src/docs/routing/route_service.md
index a14323a9..1be229e4 100644
--- a/axum/src/docs/routing/route_service.md
+++ b/axum/src/docs/routing/route_service.md
@@ -38,17 +38,10 @@ let app = Router::new()
             Ok::<_, Infallible>(res)
         })
     )
-    .route(
+    .route_service(
         // GET `/static/Cargo.toml` goes to a service from tower-http
         "/static/Cargo.toml",
-        get_service(ServeFile::new("Cargo.toml"))
-            // though we must handle any potential errors
-            .handle_error(|error: io::Error| async move {
-                (
-                    StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-                    format!("Unhandled internal error: {}", error),
-                )
-            })
+        ServeFile::new("Cargo.toml"),
     );
 # async {
 # axum::Server::bind(&"".parse().unwrap()).serve(app.into_make_service()).await.unwrap();
diff --git a/axum/src/routing/method_routing.rs b/axum/src/routing/method_routing.rs
index fa7d3f12..6db9dba5 100644
--- a/axum/src/routing/method_routing.rs
+++ b/axum/src/routing/method_routing.rs
@@ -1290,7 +1290,7 @@ mod tests {
     use http::{header::ALLOW, HeaderMap};
     use std::time::Duration;
     use tower::{timeout::TimeoutLayer, Service, ServiceBuilder, ServiceExt};
-    use tower_http::{auth::RequireAuthorizationLayer, services::fs::ServeDir};
+    use tower_http::{services::fs::ServeDir, validate_request::ValidateRequestHeaderLayer};
 
     #[crate::test]
     async fn method_not_allowed_by_default() {
@@ -1352,7 +1352,7 @@ mod tests {
     async fn layer() {
         let mut svc = MethodRouter::new()
             .get(|| async { std::future::pending::<()>().await })
-            .layer(RequireAuthorizationLayer::bearer("password"));
+            .layer(ValidateRequestHeaderLayer::bearer("password"));
 
         // method with route
         let (status, _, _) = call(Method::GET, &mut svc).await;
@@ -1367,7 +1367,7 @@ mod tests {
     async fn route_layer() {
         let mut svc = MethodRouter::new()
             .get(|| async { std::future::pending::<()>().await })
-            .route_layer(RequireAuthorizationLayer::bearer("password"));
+            .route_layer(ValidateRequestHeaderLayer::bearer("password"));
 
         // method with route
         let (status, _, _) = call(Method::GET, &mut svc).await;
@@ -1385,11 +1385,8 @@ mod tests {
             // use the all the things :bomb:
             get(ok)
                 .post(ok)
-                .route_layer(RequireAuthorizationLayer::bearer("password"))
-                .merge(
-                    delete_service(ServeDir::new("."))
-                        .handle_error(|_| async { StatusCode::NOT_FOUND }),
-                )
+                .route_layer(ValidateRequestHeaderLayer::bearer("password"))
+                .merge(delete_service(ServeDir::new(".")))
                 .fallback(|| async { StatusCode::NOT_FOUND })
                 .put(ok)
                 .layer(
diff --git a/axum/src/routing/tests/merge.rs b/axum/src/routing/tests/merge.rs
index ad3cfb0c..29aaf15c 100644
--- a/axum/src/routing/tests/merge.rs
+++ b/axum/src/routing/tests/merge.rs
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ async fn nesting_and_seeing_the_right_uri_ors_with_multi_segment_uris() {
 async fn middleware_that_return_early() {
     let private = Router::new()
         .route("/", get(|| async {}))
-        .layer(RequireAuthorizationLayer::bearer("password"));
+        .layer(ValidateRequestHeaderLayer::bearer("password"));
 
     let public = Router::new().route("/public", get(|| async {}));
 
diff --git a/axum/src/routing/tests/mod.rs b/axum/src/routing/tests/mod.rs
index 102944fb..fe0eb0da 100644
--- a/axum/src/routing/tests/mod.rs
+++ b/axum/src/routing/tests/mod.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use std::{
     time::Duration,
 };
 use tower::{service_fn, timeout::TimeoutLayer, util::MapResponseLayer, ServiceBuilder};
-use tower_http::{auth::RequireAuthorizationLayer, limit::RequestBodyLimitLayer};
+use tower_http::{limit::RequestBodyLimitLayer, validate_request::ValidateRequestHeaderLayer};
 use tower_service::Service;
 
 mod fallback;
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ async fn routing_to_router_panics() {
 async fn route_layer() {
     let app = Router::new()
         .route("/foo", get(|| async {}))
-        .route_layer(RequireAuthorizationLayer::bearer("password"));
+        .route_layer(ValidateRequestHeaderLayer::bearer("password"));
 
     let client = TestClient::new(app);
 
diff --git a/axum/src/routing/tests/nest.rs b/axum/src/routing/tests/nest.rs
index 0df8be6d..e9129534 100644
--- a/axum/src/routing/tests/nest.rs
+++ b/axum/src/routing/tests/nest.rs
@@ -202,15 +202,7 @@ async fn nested_service_sees_stripped_uri() {
 
 #[crate::test]
 async fn nest_static_file_server() {
-    let app = Router::new().nest_service(
-        "/static",
-        get_service(ServeDir::new(".")).handle_error(|error| async move {
-            (
-                StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-                format!("Unhandled internal error: {error}"),
-            )
-        }),
-    );
+    let app = Router::new().nest_service("/static", ServeDir::new("."));
 
     let client = TestClient::new(app);
 
diff --git a/examples/consume-body-in-extractor-or-middleware/Cargo.toml b/examples/consume-body-in-extractor-or-middleware/Cargo.toml
index 92616ab9..655ffae1 100644
--- a/examples/consume-body-in-extractor-or-middleware/Cargo.toml
+++ b/examples/consume-body-in-extractor-or-middleware/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,6 +9,6 @@ axum = { path = "../../axum" }
 hyper = "0.14"
 tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }
 tower = "0.4"
-tower-http = { version = "0.3", features = ["map-request-body", "util"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["map-request-body", "util"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
diff --git a/examples/cors/Cargo.toml b/examples/cors/Cargo.toml
index 8ed7d80d..fa44a53c 100644
--- a/examples/cors/Cargo.toml
+++ b/examples/cors/Cargo.toml
@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ publish = false
 [dependencies]
 axum = { path = "../../axum" }
 tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.3.0", features = ["cors"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["cors"] }
diff --git a/examples/key-value-store/Cargo.toml b/examples/key-value-store/Cargo.toml
index 7db05d60..e6d21cb7 100644
--- a/examples/key-value-store/Cargo.toml
+++ b/examples/key-value-store/Cargo.toml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ publish = false
 axum = { path = "../../axum" }
 tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }
 tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["util", "timeout", "load-shed", "limit"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.3.0", features = [
+tower-http = { version = "0.4.0", features = [
     "add-extension",
     "auth",
     "compression-full",
diff --git a/examples/key-value-store/src/main.rs b/examples/key-value-store/src/main.rs
index 1521c5ff..0a751df4 100644
--- a/examples/key-value-store/src/main.rs
+++ b/examples/key-value-store/src/main.rs
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ use std::{
 };
 use tower::{BoxError, ServiceBuilder};
 use tower_http::{
-    auth::RequireAuthorizationLayer, compression::CompressionLayer, limit::RequestBodyLimitLayer,
-    trace::TraceLayer,
+    compression::CompressionLayer, limit::RequestBodyLimitLayer, trace::TraceLayer,
+    validate_request::ValidateRequestHeaderLayer,
 };
 use tracing_subscriber::{layer::SubscriberExt, util::SubscriberInitExt};
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ fn admin_routes() -> Router<SharedState> {
         .route("/keys", delete(delete_all_keys))
         .route("/key/:key", delete(remove_key))
         // Require bearer auth for all admin routes
-        .layer(RequireAuthorizationLayer::bearer("secret-token"))
+        .layer(ValidateRequestHeaderLayer::bearer("secret-token"))
 }
 
 async fn handle_error(error: BoxError) -> impl IntoResponse {
diff --git a/examples/multipart-form/Cargo.toml b/examples/multipart-form/Cargo.toml
index 392c52c4..a81574a0 100644
--- a/examples/multipart-form/Cargo.toml
+++ b/examples/multipart-form/Cargo.toml
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ publish = false
 [dependencies]
 axum = { path = "../../axum", features = ["multipart"] }
 tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.3.0", features = ["limit", "trace"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["limit", "trace"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
diff --git a/examples/sse/Cargo.toml b/examples/sse/Cargo.toml
index 3e9b5b58..c0e12979 100644
--- a/examples/sse/Cargo.toml
+++ b/examples/sse/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,6 +10,6 @@ futures = "0.3"
 headers = "0.3"
 tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }
 tokio-stream = "0.1"
-tower-http = { version = "0.3.0", features = ["fs", "trace"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["fs", "trace"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
diff --git a/examples/sse/src/main.rs b/examples/sse/src/main.rs
index 305c959c..6132f4fa 100644
--- a/examples/sse/src/main.rs
+++ b/examples/sse/src/main.rs
@@ -6,9 +6,8 @@
 
 use axum::{
     extract::TypedHeader,
-    http::StatusCode,
     response::sse::{Event, Sse},
-    routing::{get, get_service},
+    routing::get,
     Router,
 };
 use futures::stream::{self, Stream};
@@ -29,15 +28,7 @@ async fn main() {
 
     let assets_dir = PathBuf::from(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).join("assets");
 
-    let static_files_service = get_service(
-        ServeDir::new(assets_dir).append_index_html_on_directories(true),
-    )
-    .handle_error(|error: std::io::Error| async move {
-        (
-            StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-            format!("Unhandled internal error: {}", error),
-        )
-    });
+    let static_files_service = ServeDir::new(assets_dir).append_index_html_on_directories(true);
 
     // build our application with a route
     let app = Router::new()
diff --git a/examples/static-file-server/Cargo.toml b/examples/static-file-server/Cargo.toml
index be33a847..e500db72 100644
--- a/examples/static-file-server/Cargo.toml
+++ b/examples/static-file-server/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,6 +9,6 @@ axum = { path = "../../axum" }
 axum-extra = { path = "../../axum-extra", features = ["spa"] }
 tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }
 tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["util"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.3.0", features = ["fs", "trace"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["fs", "trace"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
diff --git a/examples/static-file-server/src/main.rs b/examples/static-file-server/src/main.rs
index 1ff4cf90..70b47845 100644
--- a/examples/static-file-server/src/main.rs
+++ b/examples/static-file-server/src/main.rs
@@ -8,12 +8,11 @@ use axum::{
     body::Body,
     handler::HandlerWithoutStateExt,
     http::{Request, StatusCode},
-    response::IntoResponse,
-    routing::{get, get_service},
+    routing::get,
     Router,
 };
 use axum_extra::routing::SpaRouter;
-use std::{io, net::SocketAddr};
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use tower::ServiceExt;
 use tower_http::{
     services::{ServeDir, ServeFile},
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ fn using_serve_dir() -> Router {
     // `SpaRouter` is just a convenient wrapper around `ServeDir`
     //
     // You can use `ServeDir` directly to further customize your setup
-    let serve_dir = get_service(ServeDir::new("assets")).handle_error(handle_error);
+    let serve_dir = ServeDir::new("assets");
 
     Router::new()
         .route("/foo", get(|| async { "Hi from /foo" }))
@@ -69,7 +68,6 @@ fn using_serve_dir_with_assets_fallback() -> Router {
     // so with this `GET /assets/doesnt-exist.jpg` will return `index.html`
     // rather than a 404
     let serve_dir = ServeDir::new("assets").not_found_service(ServeFile::new("assets/index.html"));
-    let serve_dir = get_service(serve_dir).handle_error(handle_error);
 
     Router::new()
         .route("/foo", get(|| async { "Hi from /foo" }))
@@ -81,7 +79,6 @@ fn using_serve_dir_only_from_root_via_fallback() -> Router {
     // you can also serve the assets directly from the root (not nested under `/assets`)
     // by only setting a `ServeDir` as the fallback
     let serve_dir = ServeDir::new("assets").not_found_service(ServeFile::new("assets/index.html"));
-    let serve_dir = get_service(serve_dir).handle_error(handle_error);
 
     Router::new()
         .route("/foo", get(|| async { "Hi from /foo" }))
@@ -93,13 +90,7 @@ fn using_serve_dir_with_handler_as_service() -> Router {
         (StatusCode::NOT_FOUND, "Not found")
     }
 
-    // you can convert handler function to service
-    let service = handle_404
-        .into_service()
-        .map_err(|err| -> std::io::Error { match err {} });
-
-    let serve_dir = ServeDir::new("assets").not_found_service(service);
-    let serve_dir = get_service(serve_dir).handle_error(handle_error);
+    let serve_dir = ServeDir::new("assets").not_found_service(handle_404.into_service());
 
     Router::new()
         .route("/foo", get(|| async { "Hi from /foo" }))
@@ -108,8 +99,8 @@ fn using_serve_dir_with_handler_as_service() -> Router {
 
 fn two_serve_dirs() -> Router {
     // you can also have two `ServeDir`s nested at different paths
-    let serve_dir_from_assets = get_service(ServeDir::new("assets")).handle_error(handle_error);
-    let serve_dir_from_dist = get_service(ServeDir::new("dist")).handle_error(handle_error);
+    let serve_dir_from_assets = ServeDir::new("assets");
+    let serve_dir_from_dist = ServeDir::new("dist");
 
     Router::new()
         .nest_service("/assets", serve_dir_from_assets)
@@ -123,17 +114,13 @@ fn calling_serve_dir_from_a_handler() -> Router {
     Router::new().nest_service(
         "/foo",
         get(|request: Request<Body>| async {
-            let service = get_service(ServeDir::new("assets")).handle_error(handle_error);
+            let service = ServeDir::new("assets");
             let result = service.oneshot(request).await;
             result
         }),
     )
 }
 
-async fn handle_error(_err: io::Error) -> impl IntoResponse {
-    (StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "Something went wrong...")
-}
-
 async fn serve(app: Router, port: u16) {
     let addr = SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], port));
     tracing::debug!("listening on {}", addr);
diff --git a/examples/testing/Cargo.toml b/examples/testing/Cargo.toml
index 6ce3e80a..fbfb0544 100644
--- a/examples/testing/Cargo.toml
+++ b/examples/testing/Cargo.toml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ hyper = { version = "0.14", features = ["full"] }
 mime = "0.3"
 serde_json = "1.0"
 tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.3.0", features = ["trace"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["trace"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
 
diff --git a/examples/todos/Cargo.toml b/examples/todos/Cargo.toml
index 6e3b0a69..970ccfe1 100644
--- a/examples/todos/Cargo.toml
+++ b/examples/todos/Cargo.toml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ axum = { path = "../../axum" }
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }
 tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["util", "timeout"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.3.0", features = ["add-extension", "trace"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["add-extension", "trace"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
 uuid = { version = "1.0", features = ["serde", "v4"] }
diff --git a/examples/tracing-aka-logging/Cargo.toml b/examples/tracing-aka-logging/Cargo.toml
index 39bcb79d..5f161d39 100644
--- a/examples/tracing-aka-logging/Cargo.toml
+++ b/examples/tracing-aka-logging/Cargo.toml
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ publish = false
 [dependencies]
 axum = { path = "../../axum" }
 tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.3.0", features = ["trace"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["trace"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
diff --git a/examples/websockets/Cargo.toml b/examples/websockets/Cargo.toml
index 8c2439f0..30e6c3c0 100644
--- a/examples/websockets/Cargo.toml
+++ b/examples/websockets/Cargo.toml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ headers = "0.3"
 tokio = { version = "1.0", features = ["full"] }
 tokio-tungstenite = "0.18.0"
 tower = { version = "0.4", features = ["util"] }
-tower-http = { version = "0.3.0", features = ["fs", "trace"] }
+tower-http = { version = "0.4.0", features = ["fs", "trace"] }
 tracing = "0.1"
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3", features = ["env-filter"] }
 
diff --git a/examples/websockets/src/client.rs b/examples/websockets/src/client.rs
index 9b160048..2f61ad98 100644
--- a/examples/websockets/src/client.rs
+++ b/examples/websockets/src/client.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ use tokio_tungstenite::{
 };
 
 const N_CLIENTS: usize = 2; //set to desired number
-const SERVER: &'static str = "ws://127.0.0.1:3000/ws";
+const SERVER: &str = "ws://127.0.0.1:3000/ws";
 
 #[tokio::main]
 async fn main() {
diff --git a/examples/websockets/src/main.rs b/examples/websockets/src/main.rs
index a6f27377..73993c15 100644
--- a/examples/websockets/src/main.rs
+++ b/examples/websockets/src/main.rs
@@ -21,9 +21,8 @@ use axum::{
         ws::{Message, WebSocket, WebSocketUpgrade},
         TypedHeader,
     },
-    http::StatusCode,
     response::IntoResponse,
-    routing::{get, get_service},
+    routing::get,
     Router,
 };
 
@@ -58,15 +57,7 @@ async fn main() {
 
     // build our application with some routes
     let app = Router::new()
-        .fallback_service(
-            get_service(ServeDir::new(assets_dir).append_index_html_on_directories(true))
-                .handle_error(|error: std::io::Error| async move {
-                    (
-                        StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
-                        format!("Unhandled internal error: {}", error),
-                    )
-                }),
-        )
+        .fallback_service(ServeDir::new(assets_dir).append_index_html_on_directories(true))
         .route("/ws", get(ws_handler))
         // logging so we can see whats going on
         .layer(
@@ -98,7 +89,7 @@ async fn ws_handler(
     } else {
         String::from("Unknown browser")
     };
-    println!("`{}` at {} connected.", user_agent, addr.to_string());
+    println!("`{user_agent}` at {addr} connected.");
     // finalize the upgrade process by returning upgrade callback.
     // we can customize the callback by sending additional info such as address.
     ws.on_upgrade(move |socket| handle_socket(socket, addr))
@@ -107,7 +98,7 @@ async fn ws_handler(
 /// Actual websocket statemachine (one will be spawned per connection)
 async fn handle_socket(mut socket: WebSocket, who: SocketAddr) {
     //send a ping (unsupported by some browsers) just to kick things off and get a response
-    if let Ok(_) = socket.send(Message::Ping(vec![1, 2, 3])).await {
+    if socket.send(Message::Ping(vec![1, 2, 3])).await.is_ok() {
         println!("Pinged {}...", who);
     } else {
         println!("Could not send ping {}!", who);
@@ -126,7 +117,7 @@ async fn handle_socket(mut socket: WebSocket, who: SocketAddr) {
                 return;
             }
         } else {
-            println!("client {} abruptly disconnected", who);
+            println!("client {who} abruptly disconnected");
             return;
         }
     }
@@ -137,11 +128,11 @@ async fn handle_socket(mut socket: WebSocket, who: SocketAddr) {
     // connecting to server and receiving their greetings.
     for i in 1..5 {
         if socket
-            .send(Message::Text(String::from(format!("Hi {} times!", i))))
+            .send(Message::Text(format!("Hi {i} times!")))
             .await
             .is_err()
         {
-            println!("client {} abruptly disconnected", who);
+            println!("client {who} abruptly disconnected");
             return;
         }
         tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(100)).await;
@@ -157,7 +148,7 @@ async fn handle_socket(mut socket: WebSocket, who: SocketAddr) {
         for i in 0..n_msg {
             // In case of any websocket error, we exit.
             if sender
-                .send(Message::Text(format!("Server message {} ...", i)))
+                .send(Message::Text(format!("Server message {i} ...")))
                 .await
                 .is_err()
             {
@@ -167,7 +158,7 @@ async fn handle_socket(mut socket: WebSocket, who: SocketAddr) {
             tokio::time::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(300)).await;
         }
 
-        println!("Sending close to {}...", who);
+        println!("Sending close to {who}...");
         if let Err(e) = sender
             .send(Message::Close(Some(CloseFrame {
                 code: axum::extract::ws::close_code::NORMAL,