This changes the test setup to use our own client rather than using
reqwest directly. Allows us to add several quality of life features like
always unwrapping results.
* Improve extractor docs
- Moves things from the `extract` module docs to the root module docs to
make them more discoverable
- Adds section showing commonly used extractors
- More clarity around multiple extractors that mutate the request
* english...
0.2.3 (26. August, 2021)
- **fixed:** Fix accidental breaking change introduced by internal refactor.
`BoxRoute` used to be `Sync` but was accidental made `!Sync` ([#273](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/273))
Boxing a service normally means using `tower::util::BoxService`. That
doesn't implement `Clone` however so normally I had been combining it
with `Buffer` to get that.
But recently I discovered https://github.com/dtolnay/dyn-clone which
makes it possible to clone trait objects. So this adds a new internal
utility called `CloneBoxService` which replaces the previous
`BoxService` + `Buffer` combo in `BoxRoute`.
I'll investigate upstreaming that to tower. I think it makes sense there
since box + clone is quite a common need.
## Motivation
Current `tls-rustls` example might be inconvenient for some people.
## Solution
Rename current example to `low-level-rustls` and add a high level example in its place.
- Overall:
- **fixed:** Overall compile time improvements. If you're having issues with compile time
please file an issue! ([#184](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/184)) ([#198](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/198)) ([#220](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/220))
- **changed:** Remove `prelude`. Explicit imports are now required ([#195](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/195))
- Routing:
- **added:** Add dedicated `Router` to replace the `RoutingDsl` trait ([#214](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/214))
- **added:** Add `Router::or` for combining routes ([#108](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/108))
- **fixed:** Support matching different HTTP methods for the same route that aren't defined
together. So `Router::new().route("/", get(...)).route("/", post(...))` now
accepts both `GET` and `POST`. Previously only `POST` would be accepted ([#224](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/224))
- **fixed:** `get` routes will now also be called for `HEAD` requests but will always have
the response body removed ([#129](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/129))
- **changed:** Replace `axum::route(...)` with `axum::Router::new().route(...)`. This means
there is now only one way to create a new router. Same goes for
`axum::routing::nest`. ([#215](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/215))
- **changed:** Implement `routing::MethodFilter` via [`bitflags`](https://crates.io/crates/bitflags) ([#158](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/158))
- **changed:** Move `handle_error` from `ServiceExt` to `service::OnMethod` ([#160](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/160))
With these changes this app using 0.1:
```rust
use axum::{extract::Extension, prelude::*, routing::BoxRoute, AddExtensionLayer};
let app = route("/", get(|| async { "hi" }))
.nest("/api", api_routes())
.layer(AddExtensionLayer::new(state));
fn api_routes() -> BoxRoute<Body> {
route(
"/users",
post(|Extension(state): Extension<State>| async { "hi from nested" }),
)
.boxed()
}
```
Becomes this in 0.2:
```rust
use axum::{
extract::Extension,
handler::{get, post},
routing::BoxRoute,
Router,
};
let app = Router::new()
.route("/", get(|| async { "hi" }))
.nest("/api", api_routes());
fn api_routes() -> Router<BoxRoute> {
Router::new()
.route(
"/users",
post(|Extension(state): Extension<State>| async { "hi from nested" }),
)
.boxed()
}
```
- Extractors:
- **added:** Make `FromRequest` default to being generic over `body::Body` ([#146](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/146))
- **added:** Implement `std::error::Error` for all rejections ([#153](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/153))
- **added:** Add `OriginalUri` for extracting original request URI in nested services ([#197](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/197))
- **added:** Implement `FromRequest` for `http::Extensions` ([#169](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/169))
- **added:** Make `RequestParts::{new, try_into_request}` public so extractors can be used outside axum ([#194](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/194))
- **added:** Implement `FromRequest` for `axum::body::Body` ([#241](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/241))
- **changed:** Removed `extract::UrlParams` and `extract::UrlParamsMap`. Use `extract::Path` instead ([#154](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/154))
- **changed:** `extractor_middleware` now requires `RequestBody: Default` ([#167](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/167))
- **changed:** Convert `RequestAlreadyExtracted` to an enum with each possible error variant ([#167](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/167))
- **changed:** `extract::BodyStream` is no longer generic over the request body ([#234](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/234))
- **changed:** `extract::Body` has been renamed to `extract::RawBody` to avoid conflicting with `body::Body` ([#233](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/233))
- **changed:** `RequestParts` changes ([#153](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/153))
- `method` new returns an `&http::Method`
- `method_mut` new returns an `&mut http::Method`
- `take_method` has been removed
- `uri` new returns an `&http::Uri`
- `uri_mut` new returns an `&mut http::Uri`
- `take_uri` has been removed
- **changed:** Remove several rejection types that were no longer used ([#153](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/153)) ([#154](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/154))
- Responses:
- **added:** Add `Headers` for easily customizing headers on a response ([#193](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/193))
- **added:** Add `Redirect` response ([#192](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/192))
- **added:** Add `body::StreamBody` for easily responding with a stream of byte chunks ([#237](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/237))
- **changed:** Add associated `Body` and `BodyError` types to `IntoResponse`. This is
required for returning responses with bodies other than `hyper::Body` from
handlers. See the docs for advice on how to implement `IntoResponse` ([#86](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/86))
- **changed:** `tower::util::Either` no longer implements `IntoResponse` ([#229](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/229))
This `IntoResponse` from 0.1:
```rust
use axum::{http::Response, prelude::*, response::IntoResponse};
struct MyResponse;
impl IntoResponse for MyResponse {
fn into_response(self) -> Response<Body> {
Response::new(Body::empty())
}
}
```
Becomes this in 0.2:
```rust
use axum::{body::Body, http::Response, response::IntoResponse};
struct MyResponse;
impl IntoResponse for MyResponse {
type Body = Body;
type BodyError = <Self::Body as axum::body::HttpBody>::Error;
fn into_response(self) -> Response<Self::Body> {
Response::new(Body::empty())
}
}
```
- SSE:
- **added:** Add `response::sse::Sse`. This implements SSE using a response rather than a service ([#98](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/98))
- **changed:** Remove `axum::sse`. Its been replaced by `axum::response::sse` ([#98](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/98))
Handler using SSE in 0.1:
```rust
use axum::{
prelude::*,
sse::{sse, Event},
};
use std::convert::Infallible;
let app = route(
"/",
sse(|| async {
let stream = futures::stream::iter(vec![Ok::<_, Infallible>(
Event::default().data("hi there!"),
)]);
Ok::<_, Infallible>(stream)
}),
);
```
Becomes this in 0.2:
```rust
use axum::{
handler::get,
response::sse::{Event, Sse},
Router,
};
use std::convert::Infallible;
let app = Router::new().route(
"/",
get(|| async {
let stream = futures::stream::iter(vec![Ok::<_, Infallible>(
Event::default().data("hi there!"),
)]);
Sse::new(stream)
}),
);
```
- WebSockets:
- **changed:** Change WebSocket API to use an extractor plus a response ([#121](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/121))
- **changed:** Make WebSocket `Message` an enum ([#116](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/116))
- **changed:** `WebSocket` now uses `Error` as its error type ([#150](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/150))
Handler using WebSockets in 0.1:
```rust
use axum::{
prelude::*,
ws::{ws, WebSocket},
};
let app = route(
"/",
ws(|socket: WebSocket| async move {
// do stuff with socket
}),
);
```
Becomes this in 0.2:
```rust
use axum::{
extract::ws::{WebSocket, WebSocketUpgrade},
handler::get,
Router,
};
let app = Router::new().route(
"/",
get(|ws: WebSocketUpgrade| async move {
ws.on_upgrade(|socket: WebSocket| async move {
// do stuff with socket
})
}),
);
```
- Misc
- **added:** Add default feature `tower-log` which exposes `tower`'s `log` feature. ([#218](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/218))
- **changed:** Replace `body::BoxStdError` with `axum::Error`, which supports downcasting ([#150](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/150))
- **changed:** `EmptyRouter` now requires the response body to implement `Send + Sync + 'static'` ([#108](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/108))
- **changed:** `Router::check_infallible` now returns a `CheckInfallible` service. This
is to improve compile times ([#198](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/198))
- **changed:** `Router::into_make_service` now returns `routing::IntoMakeService` rather than
`tower::make::Shared` ([#229](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/229))
- **changed:** All usage of `tower::BoxError` has been replaced with `axum::BoxError` ([#229](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/229))
- **changed:** Several response future types have been moved into dedicated
`future` modules ([#133](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/133))
- **changed:** `EmptyRouter`, `ExtractorMiddleware`, `ExtractorMiddlewareLayer`,
and `QueryStringMissing` no longer implement `Copy` ([#132](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/132))
- **changed:** `service::OnMethod`, `handler::OnMethod`, and `routing::Nested` have new response future types ([#157](https://github.com/tokio-rs/axum/pull/157))
I just had a thought: Why should `response::Headers` be generic, but
`body::StreamBody` should not? `StreamBody` previously boxed the stream
to erase the generics. So we had `response::Headers<T>` but
`body::StreamBody`, without generics.
After thinking about it I think it actually makes sense for responses to
remain generic because you're able to use `impl IntoResponse` so you
don't have to name the generics.
Whereas in the case of `BodyStream` (an extractor) you cannot use `impl Trait`
so it makes sense to box the inner body to make the type easier to name. Besides,
`BodyStream` is mostly useful when the request body isn't `hyper::Body`, as
that already implements `Stream`.
This adds `StreamBody` which converts a `Stream` of `Bytes` into a `http_body::Body`.
---
As suggested by Kestrer on Discord it would make sense for axum to provide different kinds of body types other than `Empty`, `Full`, and `hyper::Body`. There is also some talk about [splitting up `hyper::Body`](https://github.com/hyperium/hyper/issues/2345) so this can be seen as getting started on that effort. axum's body types could be moved to hyper or http-body if thats the direction we decide on.
The types I'm thinking about adding are:
- `StreamBody`- added in this PR
- `AsyncReadBody` - similar to [http-body#41](https://github.com/hyperium/http-body/pull/41/files)
- `ChannelBody` - similar to `hyper::Body::channel`
I think `BodyStream` is more useful without being generic over the
request body.
I'm also looking into adding a response body from a stream called
`StreamBody` which will work pretty much opposite to this.
