python-telegram-bot/telegram/bot.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# pylint: disable=E0611,E0213,E1102,C0103,E1101,W0613,R0913,R0904
#
# A library that provides a Python interface to the Telegram Bot API
# Copyright (C) 2015-2020
# Leandro Toledo de Souza <devs@python-telegram-bot.org>
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU Lesser Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/].
"""This module contains an object that represents a Telegram Bot."""

import functools
import inspect
from decorator import decorate

try:
    import ujson as json
except ImportError:
    import json
import logging
import warnings
from datetime import datetime

from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization

from telegram import (User, Message, Update, Chat, ChatMember, UserProfilePhotos, File,
                      ReplyMarkup, TelegramObject, WebhookInfo, GameHighScore, StickerSet,
                      PhotoSize, Audio, Document, Sticker, Video, Animation, Voice, VideoNote,
                      Location, Venue, Contact, InputFile, Poll, BotCommand)
from telegram.error import InvalidToken, TelegramError
from telegram.utils.helpers import to_timestamp, DEFAULT_NONE
from telegram.utils.request import Request


def info(func):
    @functools.wraps(func)
    def decorator(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if not self.bot:
            self.get_me()

        if self._commands is None:
            self.get_my_commands()

        result = func(self, *args, **kwargs)
        return result

    return decorator


def log(func, *args, **kwargs):
    logger = logging.getLogger(func.__module__)

    def decorator(self, *args, **kwargs):
        logger.debug('Entering: %s', func.__name__)
        result = func(*args, **kwargs)
        logger.debug(result)
        logger.debug('Exiting: %s', func.__name__)
        return result

    return decorate(func, decorator)


class Bot(TelegramObject):
    """This object represents a Telegram Bot.

    Args:
        token (:obj:`str`): Bot's unique authentication.
        base_url (:obj:`str`, optional): Telegram Bot API service URL.
        base_file_url (:obj:`str`, optional): Telegram Bot API file URL.
        request (:obj:`telegram.utils.request.Request`, optional): Pre initialized
            :obj:`telegram.utils.request.Request`.
        private_key (:obj:`bytes`, optional): Private key for decryption of telegram passport data.
        private_key_password (:obj:`bytes`, optional): Password for above private key.
        defaults (:class:`telegram.ext.Defaults`, optional): An object containing default values to
            be used if not set explicitly in the bot methods.

    """

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        # Get default values from kwargs
        defaults = kwargs.get('defaults')

        # Make an instance of the class
        instance = super().__new__(cls)

        if not defaults:
            return instance

        # For each method ...
        for method_name, method in inspect.getmembers(instance, predicate=inspect.ismethod):
            # ... get kwargs
            argspec = inspect.getargspec(method)
            kwarg_names = argspec.args[-len(argspec.defaults or []):]
            # ... check if Defaults has a attribute that matches the kwarg name
            needs_default = [
                kwarg_name for kwarg_name in kwarg_names if hasattr(defaults, kwarg_name)
            ]
            # ... make a dict of kwarg name and the default value
            default_kwargs = {
                kwarg_name: getattr(defaults, kwarg_name) for kwarg_name in needs_default if (
                    getattr(defaults, kwarg_name) is not DEFAULT_NONE
                )
            }
            # ... apply the defaults using a partial
            if default_kwargs:
                setattr(instance, method_name, functools.partial(method, **default_kwargs))

        return instance

    def __init__(self,
                 token,
                 base_url=None,
                 base_file_url=None,
                 request=None,
                 private_key=None,
                 private_key_password=None,
                 defaults=None):
        self.token = self._validate_token(token)

        # Gather default
        self.defaults = defaults

        if base_url is None:
            base_url = 'https://api.telegram.org/bot'

        if base_file_url is None:
            base_file_url = 'https://api.telegram.org/file/bot'

        self.base_url = str(base_url) + str(self.token)
        self.base_file_url = str(base_file_url) + str(self.token)
        self.bot = None
        self._commands = None
        self._request = request or Request()
        self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

        if private_key:
            self.private_key = serialization.load_pem_private_key(private_key,
                                                                  password=private_key_password,
                                                                  backend=default_backend())

    def _message(self, url, data, reply_to_message_id=None, disable_notification=None,
                 reply_markup=None, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        if reply_to_message_id is not None:
            data['reply_to_message_id'] = reply_to_message_id

        if disable_notification is not None:
            data['disable_notification'] = disable_notification

        if reply_markup is not None:
            if isinstance(reply_markup, ReplyMarkup):
                # We need to_json() instead of to_dict() here, because reply_markups may be
                # attached to media messages, which aren't json dumped by utils.request
                data['reply_markup'] = reply_markup.to_json()
            else:
                data['reply_markup'] = reply_markup

        if data.get('media') and (data['media'].parse_mode == DEFAULT_NONE):
            if self.defaults:
                data['media'].parse_mode = self.defaults.parse_mode
            else:
                data['media'].parse_mode = None

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        if result is True:
            return result

        if self.defaults:
            result['default_quote'] = self.defaults.quote

        return Message.de_json(result, self)

    @property
    def request(self):
        return self._request

    @staticmethod
    def _validate_token(token):
        """A very basic validation on token."""
        if any(x.isspace() for x in token):
            raise InvalidToken()

        left, sep, _right = token.partition(':')
        if (not sep) or (not left.isdigit()) or (len(left) < 3):
            raise InvalidToken()

        return token

    @property
    @info
    def id(self):
        """:obj:`int`: Unique identifier for this bot."""

        return self.bot.id

    @property
    @info
    def first_name(self):
        """:obj:`str`: Bot's first name."""

        return self.bot.first_name

    @property
    @info
    def last_name(self):
        """:obj:`str`: Optional. Bot's last name."""

        return self.bot.last_name

    @property
    @info
    def username(self):
        """:obj:`str`: Bot's username."""

        return self.bot.username

    @property
    @info
    def link(self):
        """:obj:`str`: Convenience property. Returns the t.me link of the bot."""

        return "https://t.me/{}".format(self.username)

    @property
    @info
    def can_join_groups(self):
        """:obj:`str`: Bot's can_join_groups attribute."""

        return self.bot.can_join_groups

    @property
    @info
    def can_read_all_group_messages(self):
        """:obj:`str`: Bot's can_read_all_group_messages attribute."""

        return self.bot.can_read_all_group_messages

    @property
    @info
    def supports_inline_queries(self):
        """:obj:`str`: Bot's supports_inline_queries attribute."""

        return self.bot.supports_inline_queries

    @property
    @info
    def commands(self):
        """List[:class:`BotCommand`]: Bot's commands."""

        return self._commands

    @property
    def name(self):
        """:obj:`str`: Bot's @username."""

        return '@{}'.format(self.username)

    @log
    def get_me(self, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """A simple method for testing your bot's auth token. Requires no parameters.

        Args:
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.User`: A :class:`telegram.User` instance representing that bot if the
            credentials are valid, :obj:`None` otherwise.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/getMe'.format(self.base_url)

        result = self._request.get(url, timeout=timeout)

        self.bot = User.de_json(result, self)

        return self.bot

    @log
    def send_message(self,
                     chat_id,
                     text,
                     parse_mode=None,
                     disable_web_page_preview=None,
                     disable_notification=False,
                     reply_to_message_id=None,
                     reply_markup=None,
                     timeout=None,
                     **kwargs):
        """Use this method to send text messages.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            text (:obj:`str`): Text of the message to be sent. Max 4096 characters after entities
                parsing. Also found as :attr:`telegram.constants.MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH`.
            parse_mode (:obj:`str`): Send Markdown or HTML, if you want Telegram apps to show bold,
                italic, fixed-width text or inline URLs in your bot's message. See the constants in
                :class:`telegram.ParseMode` for the available modes.
            disable_web_page_preview (:obj:`bool`, optional): Disables link previews for links in
                this message.
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            reply_to_message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): If the message is a reply, ID of the
                original message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.ReplyMarkup`, optional): Additional interface options.
                A JSON-serialized object for an inline keyboard, custom reply keyboard,
                instructions to remove reply keyboard or to force a reply from the user.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, the sent message is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/sendMessage'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'text': text}

        if parse_mode:
            data['parse_mode'] = parse_mode
        if disable_web_page_preview:
            data['disable_web_page_preview'] = disable_web_page_preview

        return self._message(url, data, disable_notification=disable_notification,
                             reply_to_message_id=reply_to_message_id, reply_markup=reply_markup,
                             timeout=timeout, **kwargs)

    @log
    def delete_message(self, chat_id, message_id, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to delete a message, including service messages, with the following
        limitations:

            - A message can only be deleted if it was sent less than 48 hours ago.
            - A dice message in a private chat can only be deleted if it was sent more than 24
              hours ago.
            - Bots can delete outgoing messages in private chats, groups, and supergroups.
            - Bots can delete incoming messages in private chats.
            - Bots granted can_post_messages permissions can delete outgoing messages in channels.
            - If the bot is an administrator of a group, it can delete any message there.
            - If the bot has can_delete_messages permission in a supergroup or a channel, it can
              delete any message there.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            message_id (:obj:`int`): Identifier of the message to delete.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/deleteMessage'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'message_id': message_id}

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def forward_message(self,
                        chat_id,
                        from_chat_id,
                        message_id,
                        disable_notification=False,
                        timeout=None,
                        **kwargs):
        """Use this method to forward messages of any kind.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            from_chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the chat where the
                original message was sent (or channel username in the format @channelusername).
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            message_id (:obj:`int`): Message identifier in the chat specified in from_chat_id.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, the sent Message is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/forwardMessage'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {}

        if chat_id:
            data['chat_id'] = chat_id
        if from_chat_id:
            data['from_chat_id'] = from_chat_id
        if message_id:
            data['message_id'] = message_id

        return self._message(url, data, disable_notification=disable_notification,
                             timeout=timeout, **kwargs)

    @log
    def send_photo(self,
                   chat_id,
                   photo,
                   caption=None,
                   disable_notification=False,
                   reply_to_message_id=None,
                   reply_markup=None,
                   timeout=20,
                   parse_mode=None,
                   **kwargs):
        """Use this method to send photos.

        Note:
            The photo argument can be either a file_id, an URL or a file from disk
            ``open(filename, 'rb')``

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            photo (:obj:`str` | `filelike object` | :class:`telegram.PhotoSize`): Photo to send.
                Pass a file_id as String to send a photo that exists on the Telegram servers
                (recommended), pass an HTTP URL as a String for Telegram to get a photo from the
                Internet, or upload a new photo using multipart/form-data. Lastly you can pass
                an existing :class:`telegram.PhotoSize` object to send.
            caption (:obj:`str`, optional): Photo caption (may also be used when resending photos
                by file_id), 0-1024 characters after entities parsing.
            parse_mode (:obj:`str`, optional): Send Markdown or HTML, if you want Telegram apps to
                show bold, italic, fixed-width text or inline URLs in the media caption. See the
                constants in :class:`telegram.ParseMode` for the available modes.
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            reply_to_message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): If the message is a reply, ID of the
                original message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.ReplyMarkup`, optional): Additional interface options. A
                JSON-serialized object for an inline keyboard, custom reply keyboard, instructions
                to remove reply keyboard or to force a reply from the user.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): Send file timeout (default: 20 seconds).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, the sent Message is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/sendPhoto'.format(self.base_url)

        if isinstance(photo, PhotoSize):
            photo = photo.file_id
        elif InputFile.is_file(photo):
            photo = InputFile(photo)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'photo': photo}

        if caption:
            data['caption'] = caption
        if parse_mode:
            data['parse_mode'] = parse_mode

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, disable_notification=disable_notification,
                             reply_to_message_id=reply_to_message_id, reply_markup=reply_markup,
                             **kwargs)

    @log
    def send_audio(self,
                   chat_id,
                   audio,
                   duration=None,
                   performer=None,
                   title=None,
                   caption=None,
                   disable_notification=False,
                   reply_to_message_id=None,
                   reply_markup=None,
                   timeout=20,
                   parse_mode=None,
                   thumb=None,
                   **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to send audio files, if you want Telegram clients to display them in the
        music player. Your audio must be in the .mp3 or .m4a format.

        Bots can currently send audio files of up to 50 MB in size, this limit may be changed in
        the future.

        For sending voice messages, use the sendVoice method instead.

        Note:
            The audio argument can be either a file_id, an URL or a file from disk
            ``open(filename, 'rb')``

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            audio (:obj:`str` | `filelike object` | :class:`telegram.Audio`): Audio file to send.
                Pass a file_id as String to send an audio file that exists on the Telegram servers
                (recommended), pass an HTTP URL as a String for Telegram to get an audio file from
                the Internet, or upload a new one using multipart/form-data. Lastly you can pass
                an existing :class:`telegram.Audio` object to send.
            caption (:obj:`str`, optional): Audio caption, 0-1024 characters after entities
                parsing.
            parse_mode (:obj:`str`, optional): Send Markdown or HTML, if you want Telegram apps to
                show bold, italic, fixed-width text or inline URLs in the media caption. See the
                constants in :class:`telegram.ParseMode` for the available modes.
            duration (:obj:`int`, optional): Duration of sent audio in seconds.
            performer (:obj:`str`, optional): Performer.
            title (:obj:`str`, optional): Track name.
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            reply_to_message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): If the message is a reply, ID of the
                original message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.ReplyMarkup`, optional): Additional interface options. A
                JSON-serialized object for an inline keyboard, custom reply keyboard, instructions
                to remove reply keyboard or to force a reply from the user.
            thumb (`filelike object`, optional): Thumbnail of the file sent; can be ignored if
                thumbnail generation for the file is supported server-side. The thumbnail should be
                in JPEG format and less than 200 kB in size. A thumbnail's width and height should
                not exceed 320. Ignored if the file is not uploaded using multipart/form-data.
                Thumbnails can't be reused and can be only uploaded as a new file.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): Send file timeout (default: 20 seconds).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, the sent Message is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/sendAudio'.format(self.base_url)

        if isinstance(audio, Audio):
            audio = audio.file_id
        elif InputFile.is_file(audio):
            audio = InputFile(audio)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'audio': audio}

        if duration:
            data['duration'] = duration
        if performer:
            data['performer'] = performer
        if title:
            data['title'] = title
        if caption:
            data['caption'] = caption
        if parse_mode:
            data['parse_mode'] = parse_mode
        if thumb:
            if InputFile.is_file(thumb):
                thumb = InputFile(thumb, attach=True)
            data['thumb'] = thumb

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, disable_notification=disable_notification,
                             reply_to_message_id=reply_to_message_id, reply_markup=reply_markup,
                             **kwargs)

    @log
    def send_document(self,
                      chat_id,
                      document,
                      filename=None,
                      caption=None,
                      disable_notification=False,
                      reply_to_message_id=None,
                      reply_markup=None,
                      timeout=20,
                      parse_mode=None,
                      thumb=None,
                      **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to send general files.

        Bots can currently send files of any type of up to 50 MB in size, this limit may be
        changed in the future.

        Note:
            The document argument can be either a file_id, an URL or a file from disk
            ``open(filename, 'rb')``

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            document (:obj:`str` | `filelike object` | :class:`telegram.Document`): File to send.
                Pass a file_id as String to send a file that exists on the Telegram servers
                (recommended), pass an HTTP URL as a String for Telegram to get a file from the
                Internet, or upload a new one using multipart/form-data. Lastly you can pass
                an existing :class:`telegram.Document` object to send.
            filename (:obj:`str`, optional): File name that shows in telegram message (it is useful
                when you send file generated by temp module, for example). Undocumented.
            caption (:obj:`str`, optional): Document caption (may also be used when resending
                documents by file_id), 0-1024 characters after entities parsing.
            parse_mode (:obj:`str`, optional): Send Markdown or HTML, if you want Telegram apps to
                show bold, italic, fixed-width text or inline URLs in the media caption. See the
                constants in :class:`telegram.ParseMode` for the available modes.
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            reply_to_message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): If the message is a reply, ID of the
                original message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.ReplyMarkup`, optional): Additional interface options. A
                JSON-serialized object for an inline keyboard, custom reply keyboard, instructions
                to remove reply keyboard or to force a reply from the user.
            thumb (`filelike object`, optional): Thumbnail of the file sent; can be ignored if
                thumbnail generation for the file is supported server-side. The thumbnail should be
                in JPEG format and less than 200 kB in size. A thumbnail's width and height should
                not exceed 320. Ignored if the file is not uploaded using multipart/form-data.
                Thumbnails can't be reused and can be only uploaded as a new file.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): Send file timeout (default: 20 seconds).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, the sent Message is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/sendDocument'.format(self.base_url)

        if isinstance(document, Document):
            document = document.file_id
        elif InputFile.is_file(document):
            document = InputFile(document, filename=filename)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'document': document}

        if caption:
            data['caption'] = caption
        if parse_mode:
            data['parse_mode'] = parse_mode
        if thumb:
            if InputFile.is_file(thumb):
                thumb = InputFile(thumb, attach=True)
            data['thumb'] = thumb

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, disable_notification=disable_notification,
                             reply_to_message_id=reply_to_message_id, reply_markup=reply_markup,
                             **kwargs)

    @log
    def send_sticker(self,
                     chat_id,
                     sticker,
                     disable_notification=False,
                     reply_to_message_id=None,
                     reply_markup=None,
                     timeout=20,
                     **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to send static .WEBP or animated .TGS stickers.

        Note:
            The sticker argument can be either a file_id, an URL or a file from disk
            ``open(filename, 'rb')``

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            sticker (:obj:`str` | `filelike object` :class:`telegram.Sticker`): Sticker to send.
                Pass a file_id as String to send a file that exists on the Telegram servers
                (recommended), pass an HTTP URL as a String for Telegram to get a .webp file from
                the Internet, or upload a new one using multipart/form-data. Lastly you can pass
                an existing :class:`telegram.Sticker` object to send.
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            reply_to_message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): If the message is a reply, ID of the
                original message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.ReplyMarkup`, optional): Additional interface options. A
                JSON-serialized object for an inline keyboard, custom reply keyboard, instructions
                to remove reply keyboard or to force a reply from the user.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): Send file timeout (default: 20 seconds).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, the sent Message is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/sendSticker'.format(self.base_url)

        if isinstance(sticker, Sticker):
            sticker = sticker.file_id
        elif InputFile.is_file(sticker):
            sticker = InputFile(sticker)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'sticker': sticker}

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, disable_notification=disable_notification,
                             reply_to_message_id=reply_to_message_id, reply_markup=reply_markup,
                             **kwargs)

    @log
    def send_video(self,
                   chat_id,
                   video,
                   duration=None,
                   caption=None,
                   disable_notification=False,
                   reply_to_message_id=None,
                   reply_markup=None,
                   timeout=20,
                   width=None,
                   height=None,
                   parse_mode=None,
                   supports_streaming=None,
                   thumb=None,
                   **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to send video files, Telegram clients support mp4 videos
        (other formats may be sent as Document).

        Bots can currently send video files of up to 50 MB in size, this limit may be changed in
        the future.

        Note:
            The video argument can be either a file_id, an URL or a file from disk
            ``open(filename, 'rb')``

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            video (:obj:`str` | `filelike object` | :class:`telegram.Video`): Video file to send.
                Pass a file_id as String to send an video file that exists on the Telegram servers
                (recommended), pass an HTTP URL as a String for Telegram to get an video file from
                the Internet, or upload a new one using multipart/form-data. Lastly you can pass
                an existing :class:`telegram.Video` object to send.
            duration (:obj:`int`, optional): Duration of sent video in seconds.
            width (:obj:`int`, optional): Video width.
            height (:obj:`int`, optional): Video height.
            caption (:obj:`str`, optional): Video caption (may also be used when resending videos
                by file_id), 0-1024 characters after entities parsing.
            parse_mode (:obj:`str`, optional): Send Markdown or HTML, if you want Telegram apps to
                show bold, italic, fixed-width text or inline URLs in the media caption. See the
                constants in :class:`telegram.ParseMode` for the available modes.
            supports_streaming (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if the uploaded video is
                suitable for streaming.
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            reply_to_message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): If the message is a reply, ID of the
                original message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.ReplyMarkup`, optional): Additional interface options. A
                JSON-serialized object for an inline keyboard, custom reply keyboard, instructions
                to remove reply keyboard or to force a reply from the user.
            thumb (`filelike object`, optional): Thumbnail of the file sent; can be ignored if
                thumbnail generation for the file is supported server-side. The thumbnail should be
                in JPEG format and less than 200 kB in size. A thumbnail's width and height should
                not exceed 320. Ignored if the file is not uploaded using multipart/form-data.
                Thumbnails can't be reused and can be only uploaded as a new file.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): Send file timeout (default: 20 seconds).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, the sent Message is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/sendVideo'.format(self.base_url)

        if isinstance(video, Video):
            video = video.file_id
        elif InputFile.is_file(video):
            video = InputFile(video)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'video': video}

        if duration:
            data['duration'] = duration
        if caption:
            data['caption'] = caption
        if parse_mode:
            data['parse_mode'] = parse_mode
        if supports_streaming:
            data['supports_streaming'] = supports_streaming
        if width:
            data['width'] = width
        if height:
            data['height'] = height
        if thumb:
            if InputFile.is_file(thumb):
                thumb = InputFile(thumb, attach=True)
            data['thumb'] = thumb

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, disable_notification=disable_notification,
                             reply_to_message_id=reply_to_message_id, reply_markup=reply_markup,
                             **kwargs)

    @log
    def send_video_note(self,
                        chat_id,
                        video_note,
                        duration=None,
                        length=None,
                        disable_notification=False,
                        reply_to_message_id=None,
                        reply_markup=None,
                        timeout=20,
                        thumb=None,
                        **kwargs):
        """
        As of v.4.0, Telegram clients support rounded square mp4 videos of up to 1 minute long.
        Use this method to send video messages.

        Note:
            The video_note argument can be either a file_id or a file from disk
            ``open(filename, 'rb')``

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            video_note (:obj:`str` | `filelike object` | :class:`telegram.VideoNote`): Video note
                to send. Pass a file_id as String to send a video note that exists on the Telegram
                servers (recommended) or upload a new video using multipart/form-data. Or you can
                pass an existing :class:`telegram.VideoNote` object to send. Sending video notes by
                a URL is currently unsupported.
            duration (:obj:`int`, optional): Duration of sent video in seconds.
            length (:obj:`int`, optional): Video width and height, i.e. diameter of the video
                message.
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            reply_to_message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): If the message is a reply, ID of the
                original message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.ReplyMarkup`, optional): Additional interface options. A
                JSON-serialized object for an inline keyboard, custom reply keyboard,
                instructions to remove reply keyboard or to force a reply from the user.
            thumb (`filelike object`, optional): Thumbnail of the file sent; can be ignored if
                thumbnail generation for the file is supported server-side. The thumbnail should be
                in JPEG format and less than 200 kB in size. A thumbnail's width and height should
                not exceed 320. Ignored if the file is not uploaded using multipart/form-data.
                Thumbnails can't be reused and can be only uploaded as a new file.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): Send file timeout (default: 20 seconds).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, the sent Message is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/sendVideoNote'.format(self.base_url)

        if isinstance(video_note, VideoNote):
            video_note = video_note.file_id
        elif InputFile.is_file(video_note):
            video_note = InputFile(video_note)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'video_note': video_note}

        if duration is not None:
            data['duration'] = duration
        if length is not None:
            data['length'] = length
        if thumb:
            if InputFile.is_file(thumb):
                thumb = InputFile(thumb, attach=True)
            data['thumb'] = thumb

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, disable_notification=disable_notification,
                             reply_to_message_id=reply_to_message_id, reply_markup=reply_markup,
                             **kwargs)

    @log
    def send_animation(self,
                       chat_id,
                       animation,
                       duration=None,
                       width=None,
                       height=None,
                       thumb=None,
                       caption=None,
                       parse_mode=None,
                       disable_notification=False,
                       reply_to_message_id=None,
                       reply_markup=None,
                       timeout=20,
                       **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to send animation files (GIF or H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video without sound).
        Bots can currently send animation files of up to 50 MB in size, this limit may be changed
        in the future.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            animation (:obj:`str` | `filelike object` | :class:`telegram.Animation`): Animation to
                send. Pass a file_id as String to send an animation that exists on the Telegram
                servers (recommended), pass an HTTP URL as a String for Telegram to get an
                animation from the Internet, or upload a new animation using multipart/form-data.
                Lastly you can pass an existing :class:`telegram.Animation` object to send.
            duration (:obj:`int`, optional): Duration of sent animation in seconds.
            width (:obj:`int`, optional): Animation width.
            height (:obj:`int`, optional): Animation height.
            thumb (`filelike object`, optional): Thumbnail of the file sent; can be ignored if
                thumbnail generation for the file is supported server-side. The thumbnail should be
                in JPEG format and less than 200 kB in size. A thumbnail's width and height should
                not exceed 320. Ignored if the file is not uploaded using multipart/form-data.
                Thumbnails can't be reused and can be only uploaded as a new file.
            caption (:obj:`str`, optional): Animation caption (may also be used when resending
                animations by file_id), 0-1024 characters after entities parsing.
            parse_mode (:obj:`str`, optional): Send Markdown or HTML, if you want Telegram apps to
                show bold, italic, fixed-width text or inline URLs in the media caption. See the
                constants in :class:`telegram.ParseMode` for the available modes.
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            reply_to_message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): If the message is a reply, ID of the
                original message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.ReplyMarkup`, optional): Additional interface options. A
                JSON-serialized object for an inline keyboard, custom reply keyboard, instructions
                to remove reply keyboard or to force a reply from the user.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): Send file timeout (default: 20 seconds).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, the sent Message is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/sendAnimation'.format(self.base_url)

        if isinstance(animation, Animation):
            animation = animation.file_id
        elif InputFile.is_file(animation):
            animation = InputFile(animation)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'animation': animation}

        if duration:
            data['duration'] = duration
        if width:
            data['width'] = width
        if height:
            data['height'] = height
        if thumb:
            if InputFile.is_file(thumb):
                thumb = InputFile(thumb, attach=True)
            data['thumb'] = thumb
        if caption:
            data['caption'] = caption
        if parse_mode:
            data['parse_mode'] = parse_mode

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, disable_notification=disable_notification,
                             reply_to_message_id=reply_to_message_id, reply_markup=reply_markup,
                             **kwargs)

    @log
    def send_voice(self,
                   chat_id,
                   voice,
                   duration=None,
                   caption=None,
                   disable_notification=False,
                   reply_to_message_id=None,
                   reply_markup=None,
                   timeout=20,
                   parse_mode=None,
                   **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to send audio files, if you want Telegram clients to display the file
        as a playable voice message. For this to work, your audio must be in an .ogg file
        encoded with OPUS (other formats may be sent as Audio or Document). Bots can currently
        send voice messages of up to 50 MB in size, this limit may be changed in the future.

        Note:
            The voice argument can be either a file_id, an URL or a file from disk
            ``open(filename, 'rb')``

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            voice (:obj:`str` | `filelike object` | :class:`telegram.Voice`): Voice file to send.
                Pass a file_id as String to send an voice file that exists on the Telegram servers
                (recommended), pass an HTTP URL as a String for Telegram to get an voice file from
                the Internet, or upload a new one using multipart/form-data. Lastly you can pass
                an existing :class:`telegram.Voice` object to send.
            caption (:obj:`str`, optional): Voice message caption, 0-1024 characters after entities
                parsing.
            parse_mode (:obj:`str`, optional): Send Markdown or HTML, if you want Telegram apps to
                show bold, italic, fixed-width text or inline URLs in the media caption. See the
                constants in :class:`telegram.ParseMode` for the available modes.
            duration (:obj:`int`, optional): Duration of the voice message in seconds.
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            reply_to_message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): If the message is a reply, ID of the
                original message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.ReplyMarkup`, optional): Additional interface options. A
                JSON-serialized object for an inline keyboard, custom reply keyboard,
                instructions to remove reply keyboard or to force a reply from the user.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): Send file timeout (default: 20 seconds).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, the sent Message is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/sendVoice'.format(self.base_url)

        if isinstance(voice, Voice):
            voice = voice.file_id
        elif InputFile.is_file(voice):
            voice = InputFile(voice)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'voice': voice}

        if duration:
            data['duration'] = duration
        if caption:
            data['caption'] = caption
        if parse_mode:
            data['parse_mode'] = parse_mode

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, disable_notification=disable_notification,
                             reply_to_message_id=reply_to_message_id, reply_markup=reply_markup,
                             **kwargs)

    @log
    def send_media_group(self,
                         chat_id,
                         media,
                         disable_notification=None,
                         reply_to_message_id=None,
                         timeout=20,
                         **kwargs):
        """Use this method to send a group of photos or videos as an album.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            media (List[:class:`telegram.InputMedia`]): An array describing photos and videos to be
                sent, must include 2–10 items.
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            reply_to_message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): If the message is a reply, ID of the
                original message.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): Send file timeout (default: 20 seconds).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            List[:class:`telegram.Message`]: An array of the sent Messages.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`
        """

        url = '{}/sendMediaGroup'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'media': media}

        for m in data['media']:
            if m.parse_mode == DEFAULT_NONE:
                if self.defaults:
                    m.parse_mode = self.defaults.parse_mode
                else:
                    m.parse_mode = None

        if reply_to_message_id:
            data['reply_to_message_id'] = reply_to_message_id
        if disable_notification:
            data['disable_notification'] = disable_notification

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        if self.defaults:
            for res in result:
                res['default_quote'] = self.defaults.quote

        return [Message.de_json(res, self) for res in result]

    @log
    def send_location(self,
                      chat_id,
                      latitude=None,
                      longitude=None,
                      disable_notification=False,
                      reply_to_message_id=None,
                      reply_markup=None,
                      timeout=None,
                      location=None,
                      live_period=None,
                      **kwargs):
        """Use this method to send point on the map.

        Note:
            You can either supply a :obj:`latitude` and :obj:`longitude` or a :obj:`location`.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            latitude (:obj:`float`, optional): Latitude of location.
            longitude (:obj:`float`, optional): Longitude of location.
            location (:class:`telegram.Location`, optional): The location to send.
            live_period (:obj:`int`, optional): Period in seconds for which the location will be
                updated, should be between 60 and 86400.
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            reply_to_message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): If the message is a reply, ID of the
                    original message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.ReplyMarkup`, optional): Additional interface options. A
                JSON-serialized object for an inline keyboard, custom reply keyboard,
                instructions to remove reply keyboard or to force a reply from the user.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, the sent Message is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/sendLocation'.format(self.base_url)

        if not ((latitude is not None and longitude is not None) or location):
            raise ValueError("Either location or latitude and longitude must be passed as"
                             "argument.")

        if not ((latitude is not None or longitude is not None) ^ bool(location)):
            raise ValueError("Either location or latitude and longitude must be passed as"
                             "argument. Not both.")

        if isinstance(location, Location):
            latitude = location.latitude
            longitude = location.longitude

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'latitude': latitude, 'longitude': longitude}

        if live_period:
            data['live_period'] = live_period

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, disable_notification=disable_notification,
                             reply_to_message_id=reply_to_message_id, reply_markup=reply_markup,
                             **kwargs)

    @log
    def edit_message_live_location(self,
                                   chat_id=None,
                                   message_id=None,
                                   inline_message_id=None,
                                   latitude=None,
                                   longitude=None,
                                   location=None,
                                   reply_markup=None,
                                   timeout=None,
                                   **kwargs):
        """Use this method to edit live location messages sent by the bot or via the bot
        (for inline bots). A location can be edited until its :attr:`live_period` expires or
        editing is explicitly disabled by a call to :attr:`stop_message_live_location`.

        Note:
            You can either supply a :obj:`latitude` and :obj:`longitude` or a :obj:`location`.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`, optional): Required if inline_message_id is not
                specified. Unique identifier for the target chat or username of the target channel
                (in the format @channelusername).
            message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): Required if inline_message_id is not specified.
                Identifier of the message to edit.
            inline_message_id (:obj:`str`, optional): Required if chat_id and message_id are not
                specified. Identifier of the inline message.
            latitude (:obj:`float`, optional): Latitude of location.
            longitude (:obj:`float`, optional): Longitude of location.
            location (:class:`telegram.Location`, optional): The location to send.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.InlineKeyboardMarkup`, optional): A JSON-serialized
                object for a new inline keyboard.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, if edited message is sent by the bot, the
            edited Message is returned, otherwise :obj:`True` is returned.
        """

        url = '{}/editMessageLiveLocation'.format(self.base_url)

        if not (all([latitude, longitude]) or location):
            raise ValueError("Either location or latitude and longitude must be passed as"
                             "argument.")
        if not ((latitude is not None or longitude is not None) ^ bool(location)):
            raise ValueError("Either location or latitude and longitude must be passed as"
                             "argument. Not both.")

        if isinstance(location, Location):
            latitude = location.latitude
            longitude = location.longitude

        data = {'latitude': latitude, 'longitude': longitude}

        if chat_id:
            data['chat_id'] = chat_id
        if message_id:
            data['message_id'] = message_id
        if inline_message_id:
            data['inline_message_id'] = inline_message_id

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, reply_markup=reply_markup, **kwargs)

    @log
    def stop_message_live_location(self,
                                   chat_id=None,
                                   message_id=None,
                                   inline_message_id=None,
                                   reply_markup=None,
                                   timeout=None,
                                   **kwargs):
        """Use this method to stop updating a live location message sent by the bot or via the bot
        (for inline bots) before live_period expires.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Required if inline_message_id is not specified.
                Unique identifier for the target chat or username of the target channel
                (in the format @channelusername).
            message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): Required if inline_message_id is not specified.
                Identifier of the sent message with live location to stop.
            inline_message_id (:obj:`str`, optional): Required if chat_id and message_id are not
                specified. Identifier of the inline message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.InlineKeyboardMarkup`, optional): A JSON-serialized
                object for a new inline keyboard.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, if edited message is sent by the bot, the
            edited Message is returned, otherwise :obj:`True` is returned.
        """

        url = '{}/stopMessageLiveLocation'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {}

        if chat_id:
            data['chat_id'] = chat_id
        if message_id:
            data['message_id'] = message_id
        if inline_message_id:
            data['inline_message_id'] = inline_message_id

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, reply_markup=reply_markup, **kwargs)

    @log
    def send_venue(self,
                   chat_id,
                   latitude=None,
                   longitude=None,
                   title=None,
                   address=None,
                   foursquare_id=None,
                   disable_notification=False,
                   reply_to_message_id=None,
                   reply_markup=None,
                   timeout=None,
                   venue=None,
                   foursquare_type=None,
                   **kwargs):
        """Use this method to send information about a venue.

        Note:
            You can either supply :obj:`venue`, or :obj:`latitude`, :obj:`longitude`,
            :obj:`title` and :obj:`address` and optionally :obj:`foursquare_id` and optionally
            :obj:`foursquare_type`.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            latitude (:obj:`float`, optional): Latitude of venue.
            longitude (:obj:`float`, optional): Longitude of venue.
            title (:obj:`str`, optional): Name of the venue.
            address (:obj:`str`, optional): Address of the venue.
            foursquare_id (:obj:`str`, optional): Foursquare identifier of the venue.
            foursquare_type (:obj:`str`, optional): Foursquare type of the venue, if known.
                (For example, "arts_entertainment/default", "arts_entertainment/aquarium" or
                "food/icecream".)
            venue (:class:`telegram.Venue`, optional): The venue to send.
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            reply_to_message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): If the message is a reply, ID of the
                original message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.ReplyMarkup`, optional): Additional interface options. A
                JSON-serialized object for an inline keyboard, custom reply keyboard, instructions
                to remove reply keyboard or to force a reply from the user.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, the sent Message is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/sendVenue'.format(self.base_url)

        if not (venue or all([latitude, longitude, address, title])):
            raise ValueError("Either venue or latitude, longitude, address and title must be"
                             "passed as arguments.")

        if isinstance(venue, Venue):
            latitude = venue.location.latitude
            longitude = venue.location.longitude
            address = venue.address
            title = venue.title
            foursquare_id = venue.foursquare_id
            foursquare_type = venue.foursquare_type

        data = {
            'chat_id': chat_id,
            'latitude': latitude,
            'longitude': longitude,
            'address': address,
            'title': title
        }

        if foursquare_id:
            data['foursquare_id'] = foursquare_id
        if foursquare_type:
            data['foursquare_type'] = foursquare_type

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, disable_notification=disable_notification,
                             reply_to_message_id=reply_to_message_id, reply_markup=reply_markup,
                             **kwargs)

    @log
    def send_contact(self,
                     chat_id,
                     phone_number=None,
                     first_name=None,
                     last_name=None,
                     disable_notification=False,
                     reply_to_message_id=None,
                     reply_markup=None,
                     timeout=None,
                     contact=None,
                     vcard=None,
                     **kwargs):
        """Use this method to send phone contacts.

        Note:
            You can either supply :obj:`contact` or :obj:`phone_number` and :obj:`first_name`
            with optionally :obj:`last_name` and optionally :obj:`vcard`.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            phone_number (:obj:`str`, optional): Contact's phone number.
            first_name (:obj:`str`, optional): Contact's first name.
            last_name (:obj:`str`, optional): Contact's last name.
            vcard (:obj:`str`, optional): Additional data about the contact in the form of a vCard,
                0-2048 bytes.
            contact (:class:`telegram.Contact`, optional): The contact to send.
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            reply_to_message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): If the message is a reply, ID of the
                original message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.ReplyMarkup`, optional): Additional interface options. A
                JSON-serialized object for an inline keyboard, custom reply keyboard, instructions
                to remove reply keyboard or to force a reply from the user.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, the sent Message is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/sendContact'.format(self.base_url)

        if (not contact) and (not all([phone_number, first_name])):
            raise ValueError("Either contact or phone_number and first_name must be passed as"
                             "arguments.")

        if isinstance(contact, Contact):
            phone_number = contact.phone_number
            first_name = contact.first_name
            last_name = contact.last_name
            vcard = contact.vcard

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'phone_number': phone_number, 'first_name': first_name}

        if last_name:
            data['last_name'] = last_name
        if vcard:
            data['vcard'] = vcard

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, disable_notification=disable_notification,
                             reply_to_message_id=reply_to_message_id, reply_markup=reply_markup,
                             **kwargs)

    @log
    def send_game(self,
                  chat_id,
                  game_short_name,
                  disable_notification=False,
                  reply_to_message_id=None,
                  reply_markup=None,
                  timeout=None,
                  **kwargs):
        """Use this method to send a game.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            game_short_name (:obj:`str`): Short name of the game, serves as the unique identifier
                for the game. Set up your games via `@BotFather <https://t.me/BotFather>`_.
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            reply_to_message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): If the message is a reply, ID of the
                original message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.InlineKeyboardMarkup`, optional): A JSON-serialized
                object for a new inline keyboard. If empty, one ‘Play game_title’ button will be
                shown. If not empty, the first button must launch the game.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, the sent Message is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/sendGame'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'game_short_name': game_short_name}

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, disable_notification=disable_notification,
                             reply_to_message_id=reply_to_message_id, reply_markup=reply_markup,
                             **kwargs)

    @log
    def send_chat_action(self, chat_id, action, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method when you need to tell the user that something is happening on the bot's
        side. The status is set for 5 seconds or less (when a message arrives from your bot,
        Telegram clients clear its typing status). Telegram only recommends using this method when
        a response from the bot will take a noticeable amount of time to arrive.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            action(:class:`telegram.ChatAction` | :obj:`str`): Type of action to broadcast. Choose
                one, depending on what the user is about to receive. For convenience look at the
                constants in :class:`telegram.ChatAction`
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`:  On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/sendChatAction'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'action': action}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def answer_inline_query(self,
                            inline_query_id,
                            results,
                            cache_time=300,
                            is_personal=None,
                            next_offset=None,
                            switch_pm_text=None,
                            switch_pm_parameter=None,
                            timeout=None,
                            **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to send answers to an inline query. No more than 50 results per query are
        allowed.

        Args:
            inline_query_id (:obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the answered query.
            results (List[:class:`telegram.InlineQueryResult`)]: A list of results for the inline
                query.
            cache_time (:obj:`int`, optional): The maximum amount of time in seconds that the
                result of the inline query may be cached on the server. Defaults to 300.
            is_personal (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if results may be cached on
                the server side only for the user that sent the query. By default,
                results may be returned to any user who sends the same query.
            next_offset (:obj:`str`, optional): Pass the offset that a client should send in the
                next query with the same text to receive more results. Pass an empty string if
                there are no more results or if you don't support pagination. Offset length can't
                exceed 64 bytes.
            switch_pm_text (:obj:`str`, optional): If passed, clients will display a button with
                specified text that switches the user to a private chat with the bot and sends the
                bot a start message with the parameter switch_pm_parameter.
            switch_pm_parameter (:obj:`str`, optional): Deep-linking parameter for the /start
                message sent to the bot when user presses the switch button. 1-64 characters,
                only A-Z, a-z, 0-9, _ and - are allowed.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Example:
            An inline bot that sends YouTube videos can ask the user to connect the bot to their
            YouTube account to adapt search results accordingly. To do this, it displays a
            'Connect your YouTube account' button above the results, or even before showing any.
            The user presses the button, switches to a private chat with the bot and, in doing so,
            passes a start parameter that instructs the bot to return an oauth link. Once done, the
            bot can offer a switch_inline button so that the user can easily return to the chat
            where they wanted to use the bot's inline capabilities.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/answerInlineQuery'.format(self.base_url)

        for res in results:
            if res._has_parse_mode and res.parse_mode == DEFAULT_NONE:
                if self.defaults:
                    res.parse_mode = self.defaults.parse_mode
                else:
                    res.parse_mode = None
            if res._has_input_message_content and res.input_message_content:
                if (res.input_message_content._has_parse_mode
                        and res.input_message_content.parse_mode == DEFAULT_NONE):
                    if self.defaults:
                        res.input_message_content.parse_mode = self.defaults.parse_mode
                    else:
                        res.input_message_content.parse_mode = None
                if (res.input_message_content._has_disable_web_page_preview
                        and res.input_message_content.disable_web_page_preview == DEFAULT_NONE):
                    if self.defaults:
                        res.input_message_content.disable_web_page_preview = \
                            self.defaults.disable_web_page_preview
                    else:
                        res.input_message_content.disable_web_page_preview = None

        results = [res.to_dict() for res in results]

        data = {'inline_query_id': inline_query_id, 'results': results}

        if cache_time or cache_time == 0:
            data['cache_time'] = cache_time
        if is_personal:
            data['is_personal'] = is_personal
        if next_offset is not None:
            data['next_offset'] = next_offset
        if switch_pm_text:
            data['switch_pm_text'] = switch_pm_text
        if switch_pm_parameter:
            data['switch_pm_parameter'] = switch_pm_parameter

        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def get_user_profile_photos(self, user_id, offset=None, limit=100, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """Use this method to get a list of profile pictures for a user.

        Args:
            user_id (:obj:`int`): Unique identifier of the target user.
            offset (:obj:`int`, optional): Sequential number of the first photo to be returned.
                By default, all photos are returned.
            limit (:obj:`int`, optional): Limits the number of photos to be retrieved. Values
                between 1-100 are accepted. Defaults to 100.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.UserProfilePhotos`

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/getUserProfilePhotos'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'user_id': user_id}

        if offset is not None:
            data['offset'] = offset
        if limit:
            data['limit'] = limit
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return UserProfilePhotos.de_json(result, self)

    @log
    def get_file(self, file_id, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to get basic info about a file and prepare it for downloading. For the
        moment, bots can download files of up to 20MB in size. The file can then be downloaded
        with :attr:`telegram.File.download`. It is guaranteed that the link will be
        valid for at least 1 hour. When the link expires, a new one can be requested by
        calling get_file again.

        Note:
             This function may not preserve the original file name and MIME type.
             You should save the file's MIME type and name (if available) when the File object
             is received.

        Args:
            file_id (:obj:`str` | :class:`telegram.Animation` | :class:`telegram.Audio` |         \
                     :class:`telegram.ChatPhoto` | :class:`telegram.Document` |                   \
                     :class:`telegram.PhotoSize` | :class:`telegram.Sticker` |                    \
                     :class:`telegram.Video` | :class:`telegram.VideoNote` |                      \
                     :class:`telegram.Voice`):
                Either the file identifier or an object that has a file_id attribute
                to get file information about.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.File`

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/getFile'.format(self.base_url)

        try:
            file_id = file_id.file_id
        except AttributeError:
            pass

        data = {'file_id': file_id}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        if result.get('file_path'):
            result['file_path'] = '{}/{}'.format(self.base_file_url, result['file_path'])

        return File.de_json(result, self)

    @log
    def kick_chat_member(self, chat_id, user_id, timeout=None, until_date=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to kick a user from a group or a supergroup or a channel. In the case of
        supergroups and channels, the user will not be able to return to the group on their own
        using invite links, etc., unless unbanned first. The bot must be an administrator in the
        group for this to work.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or  username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            user_id (:obj:`int`): Unique identifier of the target user.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            until_date (:obj:`int` | :obj:`datetime.datetime`, optional): Date when the user will
                be unbanned, unix time. If user is banned for more than 366 days or less than 30
                seconds from the current time they are considered to be banned forever.
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool` On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/kickChatMember'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'user_id': user_id}
        data.update(kwargs)

        if until_date is not None:
            if isinstance(until_date, datetime):
                until_date = to_timestamp(until_date)
            data['until_date'] = until_date

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def unban_chat_member(self, chat_id, user_id, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """Use this method to unban a previously kicked user in a supergroup or channel.

        The user will not return to the group automatically, but will be able to join via link,
        etc. The bot must be an administrator in the group for this to work.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            user_id (:obj:`int`): Unique identifier of the target user.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool` On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/unbanChatMember'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'user_id': user_id}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def answer_callback_query(self,
                              callback_query_id,
                              text=None,
                              show_alert=False,
                              url=None,
                              cache_time=None,
                              timeout=None,
                              **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to send answers to callback queries sent from inline keyboards. The answer
        will be displayed to the user as a notification at the top of the chat screen or as an
        alert.
        Alternatively, the user can be redirected to the specified Game URL. For this option to
        work, you must first create a game for your bot via BotFather and accept the terms.
        Otherwise, you may use links like t.me/your_bot?start=XXXX that open your bot with
        a parameter.

        Args:
            callback_query_id (:obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the query to be answered.
            text (:obj:`str`, optional): Text of the notification. If not specified, nothing will
                be shown to the user, 0-200 characters.
            show_alert (:obj:`bool`, optional): If :obj:`True`, an alert will be shown by the
                client instead of a notification at the top of the chat screen. Defaults to
                :obj:`False`.
            url (:obj:`str`, optional): URL that will be opened by the user's client. If you have
                created a Game and accepted the conditions via
                `@BotFather <https://t.me/BotFather>`_, specify the URL that
                opens your game - note that this will only work if the query comes from a callback
                game button. Otherwise, you may use links like t.me/your_bot?start=XXXX that open
                your bot with a parameter.
            cache_time (:obj:`int`, optional): The maximum amount of time in seconds that the
                result of the callback query may be cached client-side. Defaults to 0.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool` On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url_ = '{}/answerCallbackQuery'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'callback_query_id': callback_query_id}

        if text:
            data['text'] = text
        if show_alert:
            data['show_alert'] = show_alert
        if url:
            data['url'] = url
        if cache_time is not None:
            data['cache_time'] = cache_time
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url_, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def edit_message_text(self,
                          text,
                          chat_id=None,
                          message_id=None,
                          inline_message_id=None,
                          parse_mode=None,
                          disable_web_page_preview=None,
                          reply_markup=None,
                          timeout=None,
                          **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to edit text and game messages sent by the bot or via the bot (for inline
        bots).

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`, optional): Required if inline_message_id is not
                specified. Unique identifier for the target chat or username of the target channel
                (in the format @channelusername)
            message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): Required if inline_message_id is not specified.
                Identifier of the message to edit.
            inline_message_id (:obj:`str`, optional): Required if chat_id and message_id are not
                specified. Identifier of the inline message.
            text (:obj:`str`): New text of the message, 1-4096 characters after entities parsing.
            parse_mode (:obj:`str`, optional): Send Markdown or HTML, if you want Telegram apps to
                show bold, italic, fixed-width text or inline URLs in your bot's message. See the
                constants in :class:`telegram.ParseMode` for the available modes.
            disable_web_page_preview (:obj:`bool`, optional): Disables link previews for links in
                this message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.InlineKeyboardMarkup`, optional): A JSON-serialized
                object for an inline keyboard.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, if edited message is sent by the bot, the
            edited Message is returned, otherwise :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/editMessageText'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'text': text}

        if chat_id:
            data['chat_id'] = chat_id
        if message_id:
            data['message_id'] = message_id
        if inline_message_id:
            data['inline_message_id'] = inline_message_id
        if parse_mode:
            data['parse_mode'] = parse_mode
        if disable_web_page_preview:
            data['disable_web_page_preview'] = disable_web_page_preview

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, reply_markup=reply_markup, **kwargs)

    @log
    def edit_message_caption(self,
                             chat_id=None,
                             message_id=None,
                             inline_message_id=None,
                             caption=None,
                             reply_markup=None,
                             timeout=None,
                             parse_mode=None,
                             **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to edit captions of messages sent by the bot or via the bot
        (for inline bots).

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`, optional): Required if inline_message_id is not
                specified. Unique identifier for the target chat or username of the target channel
                (in the format @channelusername)
            message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): Required if inline_message_id is not specified.
                Identifier of the message to edit.
            inline_message_id (:obj:`str`, optional): Required if chat_id and message_id are not
                specified. Identifier of the inline message.
            caption (:obj:`str`, optional): New caption of the message, 0-1024 characters after
                entities parsing.
            parse_mode (:obj:`str`, optional): Send Markdown or HTML, if you want Telegram apps to
                show bold, italic, fixed-width text or inline URLs in the media caption. See the
                constants in :class:`telegram.ParseMode` for the available modes.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.InlineKeyboardMarkup`, optional): A JSON-serialized
                object for an inline keyboard.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, if edited message is sent by the bot, the
            edited Message is returned, otherwise :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        if inline_message_id is None and (chat_id is None or message_id is None):
            raise ValueError(
                'edit_message_caption: Both chat_id and message_id are required when '
                'inline_message_id is not specified')

        url = '{}/editMessageCaption'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {}

        if caption:
            data['caption'] = caption
        if parse_mode:
            data['parse_mode'] = parse_mode
        if chat_id:
            data['chat_id'] = chat_id
        if message_id:
            data['message_id'] = message_id
        if inline_message_id:
            data['inline_message_id'] = inline_message_id

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, reply_markup=reply_markup, **kwargs)

    @log
    def edit_message_media(self,
                           chat_id=None,
                           message_id=None,
                           inline_message_id=None,
                           media=None,
                           reply_markup=None,
                           timeout=None,
                           **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to edit animation, audio, document, photo, or video messages. If a
        message is a part of a message album, then it can be edited only to a photo or a video.
        Otherwise, message type can be changed arbitrarily. When inline message is edited,
        new file can't be uploaded. Use previously uploaded file via its file_id or specify a URL.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`, optional): Required if inline_message_id is not
                specified. Unique identifier for the target chat or username of the target channel
                (in the format @channelusername).
            message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): Required if inline_message_id is not specified.
                Identifier of the message to edit.
            inline_message_id (:obj:`str`, optional): Required if chat_id and message_id are not
                specified. Identifier of the inline message.
            media (:class:`telegram.InputMedia`): An object for a new media content
                of the message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.InlineKeyboardMarkup`, optional): A JSON-serialized
                object for an inline keyboard.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, if edited message is sent by the bot, the
            edited Message is returned, otherwise :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`
        """

        if inline_message_id is None and (chat_id is None or message_id is None):
            raise ValueError(
                'edit_message_media: Both chat_id and message_id are required when '
                'inline_message_id is not specified')

        url = '{}/editMessageMedia'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'media': media}

        if chat_id:
            data['chat_id'] = chat_id
        if message_id:
            data['message_id'] = message_id
        if inline_message_id:
            data['inline_message_id'] = inline_message_id

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, reply_markup=reply_markup, **kwargs)

    @log
    def edit_message_reply_markup(self,
                                  chat_id=None,
                                  message_id=None,
                                  inline_message_id=None,
                                  reply_markup=None,
                                  timeout=None,
                                  **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to edit only the reply markup of messages sent by the bot or via the bot
        (for inline bots).

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`, optional): Required if inline_message_id is not
                specified. Unique identifier for the target chat or username of the target channel
                (in the format @channelusername).
            message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): Required if inline_message_id is not specified.
                Identifier of the message to edit.
            inline_message_id (:obj:`str`, optional): Required if chat_id and message_id are not
                specified. Identifier of the inline message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.InlineKeyboardMarkup`, optional): A JSON-serialized
                object for an inline keyboard.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, if edited message is sent by the bot, the
            edited Message is returned, otherwise :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        if inline_message_id is None and (chat_id is None or message_id is None):
            raise ValueError(
                'edit_message_reply_markup: Both chat_id and message_id are required when '
                'inline_message_id is not specified')

        url = '{}/editMessageReplyMarkup'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {}

        if chat_id:
            data['chat_id'] = chat_id
        if message_id:
            data['message_id'] = message_id
        if inline_message_id:
            data['inline_message_id'] = inline_message_id

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, reply_markup=reply_markup, **kwargs)

    @log
    def get_updates(self,
                    offset=None,
                    limit=100,
                    timeout=0,
                    read_latency=2.,
                    allowed_updates=None,
                    **kwargs):
        """Use this method to receive incoming updates using long polling.

        Args:
            offset (:obj:`int`, optional): Identifier of the first update to be returned. Must be
                greater by one than the highest among the identifiers of previously received
                updates. By default, updates starting with the earliest unconfirmed update are
                returned. An update is considered confirmed as soon as getUpdates is called with an
                offset higher than its update_id. The negative offset can be specified to retrieve
                updates starting from -offset update from the end of the updates queue. All
                previous updates will forgotten.
            limit (:obj:`int`, optional): Limits the number of updates to be retrieved. Values
                between 1-100 are accepted. Defaults to 100.
            timeout (:obj:`int`, optional): Timeout in seconds for long polling. Defaults to 0,
                i.e. usual short polling. Should be positive, short polling should be used for
                testing purposes only.
            allowed_updates (List[:obj:`str`]), optional): A JSON-serialized list the types of
                updates you want your bot to receive. For example, specify ["message",
                "edited_channel_post", "callback_query"] to only receive updates of these types.
                See :class:`telegram.Update` for a complete list of available update types.
                Specify an empty list to receive all updates regardless of type (default). If not
                specified, the previous setting will be used. Please note that this parameter
                doesn't affect updates created before the call to the get_updates, so unwanted
                updates may be received for a short period of time.
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Note:
            1. This method will not work if an outgoing webhook is set up.
            2. In order to avoid getting duplicate updates, recalculate offset after each
               server response.
            3. To take full advantage of this library take a look at :class:`telegram.ext.Updater`

        Returns:
            List[:class:`telegram.Update`]

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/getUpdates'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'timeout': timeout}

        if offset:
            data['offset'] = offset
        if limit:
            data['limit'] = limit
        if allowed_updates is not None:
            data['allowed_updates'] = allowed_updates
        data.update(kwargs)

        # Ideally we'd use an aggressive read timeout for the polling. However,
        # * Short polling should return within 2 seconds.
        # * Long polling poses a different problem: the connection might have been dropped while
        #   waiting for the server to return and there's no way of knowing the connection had been
        #   dropped in real time.
        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=float(read_latency) + float(timeout))

        if result:
            self.logger.debug('Getting updates: %s', [u['update_id'] for u in result])
        else:
            self.logger.debug('No new updates found.')

        if self.defaults:
            for u in result:
                u['default_quote'] = self.defaults.quote

        return [Update.de_json(u, self) for u in result]

    @log
    def set_webhook(self,
                    url=None,
                    certificate=None,
                    timeout=None,
                    max_connections=40,
                    allowed_updates=None,
                    **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to specify a url and receive incoming updates via an outgoing webhook.
        Whenever there is an update for the bot, Telegram will send an HTTPS POST request to the
        specified url, containing a JSON-serialized Update. In case of an unsuccessful request,
        Telegram will give up after a reasonable amount of attempts.

        If you'd like to make sure that the Webhook request comes from Telegram, Telegram
        recommends using a secret path in the URL, e.g. https://www.example.com/<token>. Since
        nobody else knows your bot's token, you can be pretty sure it's us.

        Note:
            The certificate argument should be a file from disk ``open(filename, 'rb')``.

        Args:
            url (:obj:`str`): HTTPS url to send updates to. Use an empty string to remove webhook
                integration.
            certificate (:obj:`filelike`): Upload your public key certificate so that the root
                certificate in use can be checked. See our self-signed guide for details.
                (https://goo.gl/rw7w6Y)
            max_connections (:obj:`int`, optional): Maximum allowed number of simultaneous HTTPS
                connections to the webhook for update delivery, 1-100. Defaults to 40. Use lower
                values to limit the load on your bot's server, and higher values to increase your
                bot's throughput.
            allowed_updates (List[:obj:`str`], optional): A JSON-serialized list the types of
                updates you want your bot to receive. For example, specify ["message",
                "edited_channel_post", "callback_query"] to only receive updates of these types.
                See :class:`telegram.Update` for a complete list of available update types.
                Specify an empty list to receive all updates regardless of type (default). If not
                specified, the previous setting will be used. Please note that this parameter
                doesn't affect updates created before the call to the set_webhook, so unwanted
                updates may be received for a short period of time.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Note:
            1. You will not be able to receive updates using get_updates for as long as an outgoing
               webhook is set up.
            2. To use a self-signed certificate, you need to upload your public key certificate
               using certificate parameter. Please upload as InputFile, sending a String will not
               work.
            3. Ports currently supported for Webhooks: 443, 80, 88, 8443.

            If you're having any trouble setting up webhooks, please check out this `guide to
            Webhooks`_.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool` On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        .. _`guide to Webhooks`: https://core.telegram.org/bots/webhooks

        """
        url_ = '{}/setWebhook'.format(self.base_url)

        # Backwards-compatibility: 'url' used to be named 'webhook_url'
        if 'webhook_url' in kwargs:  # pragma: no cover
            warnings.warn("The 'webhook_url' parameter has been renamed to 'url' in accordance "
                          "with the API")

            if url is not None:
                raise ValueError("The parameters 'url' and 'webhook_url' are mutually exclusive")

            url = kwargs['webhook_url']
            del kwargs['webhook_url']

        data = {}

        if url is not None:
            data['url'] = url
        if certificate:
            if InputFile.is_file(certificate):
                certificate = InputFile(certificate)
            data['certificate'] = certificate
        if max_connections is not None:
            data['max_connections'] = max_connections
        if allowed_updates is not None:
            data['allowed_updates'] = allowed_updates
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url_, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def delete_webhook(self, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to remove webhook integration if you decide to switch back to
        getUpdates. Requires no parameters.

        Args:
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool` On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/deleteWebhook'.format(self.base_url)

        data = kwargs

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def leave_chat(self, chat_id, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """Use this method for your bot to leave a group, supergroup or channel.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool` On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/leaveChat'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def get_chat(self, chat_id, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to get up to date information about the chat (current name of the user for
        one-on-one conversations, current username of a user, group or channel, etc.).

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Chat`

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/getChat'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        if self.defaults:
            result['default_quote'] = self.defaults.quote

        return Chat.de_json(result, self)

    @log
    def get_chat_administrators(self, chat_id, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to get a list of administrators in a chat.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            List[:class:`telegram.ChatMember`]: On success, returns a list of ``ChatMember``
            objects that contains information about all chat administrators except
            other bots. If the chat is a group or a supergroup and no administrators were
            appointed, only the creator will be returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/getChatAdministrators'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return [ChatMember.de_json(x, self) for x in result]

    @log
    def get_chat_members_count(self, chat_id, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """Use this method to get the number of members in a chat.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :obj:`int`: Number of members in the chat.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/getChatMembersCount'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def get_chat_member(self, chat_id, user_id, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """Use this method to get information about a member of a chat.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            user_id (:obj:`int`): Unique identifier of the target user.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.ChatMember`

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/getChatMember'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'user_id': user_id}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return ChatMember.de_json(result, self)

    @log
    def set_chat_sticker_set(self, chat_id, sticker_set_name, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """Use this method to set a new group sticker set for a supergroup.
        The bot must be an administrator in the chat for this to work and must have the appropriate
        admin rights. Use the field :attr:`telegram.Chat.can_set_sticker_set` optionally returned
        in :attr:`get_chat` requests to check if the bot can use this method.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target supergroup (in the format @supergroupusername).
            sticker_set_name (:obj:`str`): Name of the sticker set to be set as the group
                sticker set.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.


        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.
        """

        url = '{}/setChatStickerSet'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'sticker_set_name': sticker_set_name}

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def delete_chat_sticker_set(self, chat_id, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """Use this method to delete a group sticker set from a supergroup. The bot must be an
        administrator in the chat for this to work and must have the appropriate admin rights.
        Use the field :attr:`telegram.Chat.can_set_sticker_set` optionally returned in
        :attr:`get_chat` requests to check if the bot can use this method.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target supergroup (in the format @supergroupusername).
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
             :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.
        """

        url = '{}/deleteChatStickerSet'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id}

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    def get_webhook_info(self, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """Use this method to get current webhook status. Requires no parameters.

        If the bot is using getUpdates, will return an object with the url field empty.

        Args:
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.WebhookInfo`

        """
        url = '{}/getWebhookInfo'.format(self.base_url)

        data = kwargs

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return WebhookInfo.de_json(result, self)

    @log
    def set_game_score(self,
                       user_id,
                       score,
                       chat_id=None,
                       message_id=None,
                       inline_message_id=None,
                       force=None,
                       disable_edit_message=None,
                       timeout=None,
                       **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to set the score of the specified user in a game.

        Args:
            user_id (:obj:`int`): User identifier.
            score (:obj:`int`): New score, must be non-negative.
            force (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if the high score is allowed to
                decrease. This can be useful when fixing mistakes or banning cheaters.
            disable_edit_message (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if the game message
                should not be automatically edited to include the current scoreboard.
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`, optional): Required if inline_message_id is not
                specified. Unique identifier for the target chat.
            message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): Required if inline_message_id is not specified.
                Identifier of the sent message.
            inline_message_id (:obj:`str`, optional): Required if chat_id and message_id are not
                specified. Identifier of the inline message.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: The edited message, or if the message wasn't sent by the bot
            , :obj:`True`.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`: If the new score is not greater than the user's
            current score in the chat and force is :obj:`False`.

        """
        url = '{}/setGameScore'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'user_id': user_id, 'score': score}

        if chat_id:
            data['chat_id'] = chat_id
        if message_id:
            data['message_id'] = message_id
        if inline_message_id:
            data['inline_message_id'] = inline_message_id
        if force is not None:
            data['force'] = force
        if disable_edit_message is not None:
            data['disable_edit_message'] = disable_edit_message

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, **kwargs)

    @log
    def get_game_high_scores(self,
                             user_id,
                             chat_id=None,
                             message_id=None,
                             inline_message_id=None,
                             timeout=None,
                             **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to get data for high score tables. Will return the score of the specified
        user and several of his neighbors in a game.

        Args:
            user_id (:obj:`int`): Target user id.
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`, optional): Required if inline_message_id is not
                specified. Unique identifier for the target chat.
            message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): Required if inline_message_id is not specified.
                Identifier of the sent message.
            inline_message_id (:obj:`str`, optional): Required if chat_id and message_id are not
                specified. Identifier of the inline message.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            List[:class:`telegram.GameHighScore`]

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/getGameHighScores'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'user_id': user_id}

        if chat_id:
            data['chat_id'] = chat_id
        if message_id:
            data['message_id'] = message_id
        if inline_message_id:
            data['inline_message_id'] = inline_message_id
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return [GameHighScore.de_json(hs, self) for hs in result]

    @log
    def send_invoice(self,
                     chat_id,
                     title,
                     description,
                     payload,
                     provider_token,
                     start_parameter,
                     currency,
                     prices,
                     photo_url=None,
                     photo_size=None,
                     photo_width=None,
                     photo_height=None,
                     need_name=None,
                     need_phone_number=None,
                     need_email=None,
                     need_shipping_address=None,
                     is_flexible=None,
                     disable_notification=False,
                     reply_to_message_id=None,
                     reply_markup=None,
                     provider_data=None,
                     send_phone_number_to_provider=None,
                     send_email_to_provider=None,
                     timeout=None,
                     **kwargs):
        """Use this method to send invoices.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target private chat.
            title (:obj:`str`): Product name, 1-32 characters.
            description (:obj:`str`): Product description, 1-255 characters.
            payload (:obj:`str`): Bot-defined invoice payload, 1-128 bytes. This will not be
                displayed to the user, use for your internal processes.
            provider_token (:obj:`str`): Payments provider token, obtained via
                `@BotFather <https://t.me/BotFather>`_.
            start_parameter (:obj:`str`): Unique deep-linking parameter that can be used to
                generate this invoice when used as a start parameter.
            currency (:obj:`str`): Three-letter ISO 4217 currency code.
            prices (List[:class:`telegram.LabeledPrice`)]: Price breakdown, a JSON-serialized list
                of components (e.g. product price, tax, discount, delivery cost, delivery tax,
                bonus, etc.).
            provider_data (:obj:`str` | :obj:`object`, optional): JSON-serialized data about the
                invoice, which will be shared with the payment provider. A detailed description of
                required fields should be provided by the payment provider. When an object is
                passed, it will be encoded as JSON.
            photo_url (:obj:`str`, optional): URL of the product photo for the invoice. Can be a
                photo of the goods or a marketing image for a service. People like it better when
                they see what they are paying for.
            photo_size (:obj:`str`, optional): Photo size.
            photo_width (:obj:`int`, optional): Photo width.
            photo_height (:obj:`int`, optional): Photo height.
            need_name (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if you require the user's full
                name to complete the order.
            need_phone_number (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if you require the user's
                phone number to complete the order.
            need_email (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if you require the user's email
                to complete the order.
            need_shipping_address (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if you require the
                user's shipping address to complete the order.
            send_phone_number_to_provider (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if user's
                phone number should be sent to provider.
            send_email_to_provider (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if user's email
                address should be sent to provider.
            is_flexible (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if the final price depends on
                the shipping method.
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            reply_to_message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): If the message is a reply, ID of the
                original message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.InlineKeyboardMarkup`, optional): A JSON-serialized
                object for an inline keyboard. If empty, one 'Pay total price' button will be
                shown. If not empty, the first button must be a Pay button.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, the sent Message is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/sendInvoice'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {
            'chat_id': chat_id,
            'title': title,
            'description': description,
            'payload': payload,
            'provider_token': provider_token,
            'start_parameter': start_parameter,
            'currency': currency,
            'prices': [p.to_dict() for p in prices]
        }
        if provider_data is not None:
            if isinstance(provider_data, str):
                data['provider_data'] = provider_data
            else:
                data['provider_data'] = json.dumps(provider_data)
        if photo_url is not None:
            data['photo_url'] = photo_url
        if photo_size is not None:
            data['photo_size'] = photo_size
        if photo_width is not None:
            data['photo_width'] = photo_width
        if photo_height is not None:
            data['photo_height'] = photo_height
        if need_name is not None:
            data['need_name'] = need_name
        if need_phone_number is not None:
            data['need_phone_number'] = need_phone_number
        if need_email is not None:
            data['need_email'] = need_email
        if need_shipping_address is not None:
            data['need_shipping_address'] = need_shipping_address
        if is_flexible is not None:
            data['is_flexible'] = is_flexible
        if send_phone_number_to_provider is not None:
            data['send_phone_number_to_provider'] = send_email_to_provider
        if send_email_to_provider is not None:
            data['send_email_to_provider'] = send_email_to_provider

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, disable_notification=disable_notification,
                             reply_to_message_id=reply_to_message_id, reply_markup=reply_markup,
                             **kwargs)

    @log
    def answer_shipping_query(self,
                              shipping_query_id,
                              ok,
                              shipping_options=None,
                              error_message=None,
                              timeout=None,
                              **kwargs):
        """
        If you sent an invoice requesting a shipping address and the parameter is_flexible was
        specified, the Bot API will send an Update with a shipping_query field to the bot. Use
        this method to reply to shipping queries.

        Args:
            shipping_query_id (:obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the query to be answered.
            ok (:obj:`bool`): Specify :obj:`True` if delivery to the specified address is possible
                and :obj:`False` if there are any problems (for example, if delivery to the
                specified address is not possible).
            shipping_options (List[:class:`telegram.ShippingOption`]), optional]: Required if ok is
                :obj:`True`. A JSON-serialized array of available shipping options.
            error_message (:obj:`str`, optional): Required if ok is :obj:`False`. Error message in
                human readable form that explains why it is impossible to complete the order (e.g.
                "Sorry, delivery to your desired address is unavailable"). Telegram will display
                this message to the user.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        ok = bool(ok)

        if ok and (shipping_options is None or error_message is not None):
            raise TelegramError(
                'answerShippingQuery: If ok is True, shipping_options '
                'should not be empty and there should not be error_message')

        if not ok and (shipping_options is not None or error_message is None):
            raise TelegramError(
                'answerShippingQuery: If ok is False, error_message '
                'should not be empty and there should not be shipping_options')

        url_ = '{}/answerShippingQuery'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'shipping_query_id': shipping_query_id, 'ok': ok}

        if ok:
            data['shipping_options'] = [option.to_dict() for option in shipping_options]
        if error_message is not None:
            data['error_message'] = error_message
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url_, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def answer_pre_checkout_query(self, pre_checkout_query_id, ok,
                                  error_message=None, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Once the user has confirmed their payment and shipping details, the Bot API sends the final
        confirmation in the form of an Update with the field pre_checkout_query. Use this method to
        respond to such pre-checkout queries.

        Note:
            The Bot API must receive an answer within 10 seconds after the pre-checkout
            query was sent.

        Args:
            pre_checkout_query_id (:obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the query to be answered.
            ok (:obj:`bool`): Specify :obj:`True` if everything is alright
                (goods are available, etc.) and the bot is ready to proceed with the order. Use
                :obj:`False` if there are any problems.
            error_message (:obj:`str`, optional): Required if ok is :obj:`False`. Error message
                in human readable form that explains the reason for failure to proceed with
                the checkout (e.g. "Sorry, somebody just bought the last of our amazing black
                T-shirts while you were busy filling out your payment details. Please choose a
                different color or garment!"). Telegram will display this message to the user.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        ok = bool(ok)

        if not (ok ^ (error_message is not None)):
            raise TelegramError(
                'answerPreCheckoutQuery: If ok is True, there should '
                'not be error_message; if ok is False, error_message '
                'should not be empty')

        url_ = '{}/answerPreCheckoutQuery'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'pre_checkout_query_id': pre_checkout_query_id, 'ok': ok}

        if error_message is not None:
            data['error_message'] = error_message
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url_, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def restrict_chat_member(self, chat_id, user_id, permissions, until_date=None,
                             timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to restrict a user in a supergroup. The bot must be an administrator in
        the supergroup for this to work and must have the appropriate admin rights. Pass
        :obj:`True` for all boolean parameters to lift restrictions from a user.

        Note:
            Since Bot API 4.4, :attr:`restrict_chat_member` takes the new user permissions in a
            single argument of type :class:`telegram.ChatPermissions`. The old way of passing
            parameters will not keep working forever.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target supergroup (in the format @supergroupusername).
            user_id (:obj:`int`): Unique identifier of the target user.
            until_date (:obj:`int` | :obj:`datetime.datetime`, optional): Date when restrictions
                will be lifted for the user, unix time. If user is restricted for more than 366
                days or less than 30 seconds from the current time, they are considered to be
                restricted forever.
            permissions (:class:`telegram.ChatPermissions`): A JSON-serialized object for new user
                permissions.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`
        """
        url = '{}/restrictChatMember'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'user_id': user_id, 'permissions': permissions.to_dict()}

        if until_date is not None:
            if isinstance(until_date, datetime):
                until_date = to_timestamp(until_date)
            data['until_date'] = until_date
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def promote_chat_member(self, chat_id, user_id, can_change_info=None,
                            can_post_messages=None, can_edit_messages=None,
                            can_delete_messages=None, can_invite_users=None,
                            can_restrict_members=None, can_pin_messages=None,
                            can_promote_members=None, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to promote or demote a user in a supergroup or a channel. The bot must be
        an administrator in the chat for this to work and must have the appropriate admin rights.
        Pass :obj:`False` for all boolean parameters to demote a user.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target supergroup (in the format @supergroupusername).
            user_id (:obj:`int`): Unique identifier of the target user.
            can_change_info (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if the administrator can
                change chat title, photo and other settings.
            can_post_messages (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if the administrator can
                create channel posts, channels only.
            can_edit_messages (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if the administrator can
                edit messages of other users, channels only.
            can_delete_messages (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if the administrator can
                delete messages of other users.
            can_invite_users (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if the administrator can
                invite new users to the chat.
            can_restrict_members (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if the administrator
                can restrict, ban or unban chat members.
            can_pin_messages (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if the administrator can
                pin messages, supergroups only.
            can_promote_members (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if the administrator can
                add new administrators with a subset of his own privileges or demote administrators
                that he has promoted, directly or indirectly (promoted by administrators that were
                appointed by him).
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/promoteChatMember'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'user_id': user_id}

        if can_change_info is not None:
            data['can_change_info'] = can_change_info
        if can_post_messages is not None:
            data['can_post_messages'] = can_post_messages
        if can_edit_messages is not None:
            data['can_edit_messages'] = can_edit_messages
        if can_delete_messages is not None:
            data['can_delete_messages'] = can_delete_messages
        if can_invite_users is not None:
            data['can_invite_users'] = can_invite_users
        if can_restrict_members is not None:
            data['can_restrict_members'] = can_restrict_members
        if can_pin_messages is not None:
            data['can_pin_messages'] = can_pin_messages
        if can_promote_members is not None:
            data['can_promote_members'] = can_promote_members
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def set_chat_permissions(self, chat_id, permissions, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to set default chat permissions for all members. The bot must be an
        administrator in the group or a supergroup for this to work and must have the
        :attr:`can_restrict_members` admin rights.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username of
                the target supergroup (in the format `@supergroupusername`).
            permissions (:class:`telegram.ChatPermissions`): New default chat permissions.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/setChatPermissions'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'permissions': permissions.to_dict()}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def set_chat_administrator_custom_title(self,
                                            chat_id,
                                            user_id,
                                            custom_title,
                                            timeout=None,
                                            **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to set a custom title for administrators promoted by the bot in a
        supergroup. The bot must be an administrator for this to work.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username of
                the target supergroup (in the format `@supergroupusername`).
            user_id (:obj:`int`): Unique identifier of the target administrator.
            custom_title (:obj:`str`) New custom title for the administrator; 0-16 characters,
                emoji are not allowed.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/setChatAdministratorCustomTitle'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'user_id': user_id, 'custom_title': custom_title}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def export_chat_invite_link(self, chat_id, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to generate a new invite link for a chat; any previously generated link
        is revoked. The bot must be an administrator in the chat for this to work and must have
        the appropriate admin rights.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments

        Returns:
            :obj:`str`: New invite link on success.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/exportChatInviteLink'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def set_chat_photo(self, chat_id, photo, timeout=20, **kwargs):
        """Use this method to set a new profile photo for the chat.

        Photos can't be changed for private chats. The bot must be an administrator in the chat
        for this to work and must have the appropriate admin rights.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            photo (`filelike object`): New chat photo.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/setChatPhoto'.format(self.base_url)

        if InputFile.is_file(photo):
            photo = InputFile(photo)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'photo': photo}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def delete_chat_photo(self, chat_id, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to delete a chat photo. Photos can't be changed for private chats. The bot
        must be an administrator in the chat for this to work and must have the appropriate admin
        rights.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/deleteChatPhoto'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def set_chat_title(self, chat_id, title, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to change the title of a chat. Titles can't be changed for private chats.
        The bot must be an administrator in the chat for this to work and must have the appropriate
        admin rights.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            title (:obj:`str`): New chat title, 1-255 characters.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/setChatTitle'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'title': title}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def set_chat_description(self, chat_id, description, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to change the description of a group, a supergroup or a channel. The bot
        must be an administrator in the chat for this to work and must have the appropriate admin
        rights.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            description (:obj:`str`): New chat description, 0-255 characters.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/setChatDescription'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'description': description}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def pin_chat_message(self, chat_id, message_id, disable_notification=None, timeout=None,
                         **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to pin a message in a group, a supergroup, or a channel.
        The bot must be an administrator in the chat for this to work and must have the
        ‘can_pin_messages’ admin right in the supergroup or ‘can_edit_messages’ admin right
        in the channel.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            message_id (:obj:`int`): Identifier of a message to pin.
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if it is not necessary
                to send a notification to all group members about the new pinned message.
                Notifications are always disabled in channels.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/pinChatMessage'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id, 'message_id': message_id}

        if disable_notification is not None:
            data['disable_notification'] = disable_notification
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def unpin_chat_message(self, chat_id, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to unpin a message in a group, a supergroup, or a channel.
        The bot must be an administrator in the chat for this to work and must have the
        ``can_pin_messages`` admin right in the supergroup or ``can_edit_messages`` admin right
        in the channel.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/unpinChatMessage'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'chat_id': chat_id}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def get_sticker_set(self, name, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """Use this method to get a sticker set.

        Args:
            name (:obj:`str`): Name of the sticker set.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during
                creation of the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.StickerSet`

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/getStickerSet'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'name': name}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return StickerSet.de_json(result, self)

    @log
    def upload_sticker_file(self, user_id, png_sticker, timeout=20, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to upload a .png file with a sticker for later use in
        :attr:`create_new_sticker_set` and :attr:`add_sticker_to_set` methods (can be used multiple
        times).

        Note:
            The png_sticker argument can be either a file_id, an URL or a file from disk
            ``open(filename, 'rb')``

        Args:
            user_id (:obj:`int`): User identifier of sticker file owner.
            png_sticker (:obj:`str` | `filelike object`): Png image with the sticker,
                must be up to 512 kilobytes in size, dimensions must not exceed 512px,
                and either width or height must be exactly 512px.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during
                creation of the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.File`: On success, the uploaded File is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/uploadStickerFile'.format(self.base_url)

        if InputFile.is_file(png_sticker):
            png_sticker = InputFile(png_sticker)

        data = {'user_id': user_id, 'png_sticker': png_sticker}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return File.de_json(result, self)

    @log
    def create_new_sticker_set(self, user_id, name, title, emojis, png_sticker=None,
                               contains_masks=None, mask_position=None, timeout=20,
                               tgs_sticker=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to create new sticker set owned by a user.
        The bot will be able to edit the created sticker set.
        You must use exactly one of the fields png_sticker or tgs_sticker.

        Warning:
            As of API 4.7 ``png_sticker`` is an optional argument and therefore the order of the
            arguments had to be changed. Use keyword arguments to make sure that the arguments are
            passed correctly.

        Note:
            The png_sticker and tgs_sticker argument can be either a file_id, an URL or a file from
            disk ``open(filename, 'rb')``

        Args:
            user_id (:obj:`int`): User identifier of created sticker set owner.
            name (:obj:`str`): Short name of sticker set, to be used in t.me/addstickers/ URLs
                (e.g., animals). Can contain only english letters, digits and underscores.
                Must begin with a letter, can't contain consecutive underscores and
                must end in "_by_<bot username>". <bot_username> is case insensitive.
                1-64 characters.
            title (:obj:`str`): Sticker set title, 1-64 characters.
            png_sticker (:obj:`str` | `filelike object`, optional): Png image with the sticker,
                must be up to 512 kilobytes in size, dimensions must not exceed 512px,
                and either width or height must be exactly 512px. Pass a file_id as a String to
                send a file that already exists on the Telegram servers, pass an HTTP URL as a
                String for Telegram to get a file from the Internet, or upload a new one
                using multipart/form-data.
            tgs_sticker (:obj:`str` | `filelike object`, optional): TGS animation with the sticker,
                uploaded using multipart/form-data. See
                https://core.telegram.org/animated_stickers#technical-requirements for technical
                requirements.
            emojis (:obj:`str`): One or more emoji corresponding to the sticker.
            contains_masks (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if a set of mask stickers
                should be created.
            mask_position (:class:`telegram.MaskPosition`, optional): Position where the mask
                should be placed on faces.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during
                creation of the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/createNewStickerSet'.format(self.base_url)

        if InputFile.is_file(png_sticker):
            png_sticker = InputFile(png_sticker)

        if InputFile.is_file(tgs_sticker):
            tgs_sticker = InputFile(tgs_sticker)

        data = {'user_id': user_id, 'name': name, 'title': title, 'emojis': emojis}

        if png_sticker is not None:
            data['png_sticker'] = png_sticker
        if tgs_sticker is not None:
            data['tgs_sticker'] = tgs_sticker
        if contains_masks is not None:
            data['contains_masks'] = contains_masks
        if mask_position is not None:
            # We need to_json() instead of to_dict() here, because we're sending a media
            # message here, which isn't json dumped by utils.request
            data['mask_position'] = mask_position.to_json()
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def add_sticker_to_set(self, user_id, name, emojis, png_sticker=None, mask_position=None,
                           timeout=20, tgs_sticker=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to add a new sticker to a set created by the bot.
        You must use exactly one of the fields png_sticker or tgs_sticker. Animated stickers
        can be added to animated sticker sets and only to them. Animated sticker sets can have up
        to 50 stickers. Static sticker sets can have up to 120 stickers.

        Warning:
            As of API 4.7 ``png_sticker`` is an optional argument and therefore the order of the
            arguments had to be changed. Use keyword arguments to make sure that the arguments are
            passed correctly.

        Note:
            The png_sticker and tgs_sticker argument can be either a file_id, an URL or a file from
            disk ``open(filename, 'rb')``

        Args:
            user_id (:obj:`int`): User identifier of created sticker set owner.
            name (:obj:`str`): Sticker set name.
            png_sticker (:obj:`str` | `filelike object`, optional): PNG image with the sticker,
                must be up to 512 kilobytes in size, dimensions must not exceed 512px,
                and either width or height must be exactly 512px. Pass a file_id as a String to
                send a file that already exists on the Telegram servers, pass an HTTP URL as a
                String for Telegram to get a file from the Internet, or upload a new one
                using multipart/form-data.
            tgs_sticker (:obj:`str` | `filelike object`, optional): TGS animation with the sticker,
                uploaded using multipart/form-data. See
                https://core.telegram.org/animated_stickers#technical-requirements for technical
                requirements.
            emojis (:obj:`str`): One or more emoji corresponding to the sticker.
            mask_position (:class:`telegram.MaskPosition`, optional): Position where the mask
                should be placed on faces.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during
                creation of the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/addStickerToSet'.format(self.base_url)

        if InputFile.is_file(png_sticker):
            png_sticker = InputFile(png_sticker)

        if InputFile.is_file(tgs_sticker):
            tgs_sticker = InputFile(tgs_sticker)

        data = {'user_id': user_id, 'name': name, 'emojis': emojis}

        if png_sticker is not None:
            data['png_sticker'] = png_sticker
        if tgs_sticker is not None:
            data['tgs_sticker'] = tgs_sticker
        if mask_position is not None:
            # We need to_json() instead of to_dict() here, because we're sending a media
            # message here, which isn't json dumped by utils.request
            data['mask_position'] = mask_position.to_json()
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def set_sticker_position_in_set(self, sticker, position, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """Use this method to move a sticker in a set created by the bot to a specific position.

        Args:
            sticker (:obj:`str`): File identifier of the sticker.
            position (:obj:`int`): New sticker position in the set, zero-based.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during
                creation of the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/setStickerPositionInSet'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'sticker': sticker, 'position': position}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def delete_sticker_from_set(self, sticker, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """Use this method to delete a sticker from a set created by the bot.

        Args:
            sticker (:obj:`str`): File identifier of the sticker.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during
                creation of the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/deleteStickerFromSet'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'sticker': sticker}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def set_sticker_set_thumb(self, name, user_id, thumb=None, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """Use this method to set the thumbnail of a sticker set. Animated thumbnails can be set
        for animated sticker sets only.

        Note:
            The thumb can be either a file_id, an URL or a file from disk ``open(filename, 'rb')``

        Args:
            name (:obj:`str`): Sticker set name
            user_id (:obj:`int`): User identifier of created sticker set owner.
            thumb (:obj:`str` | `filelike object`, optional): A PNG image with the thumbnail, must
            be up to 128 kilobytes in size and have width and height exactly 100px, or a TGS
            animation with the thumbnail up to 32 kilobytes in size; see
            https://core.telegram.org/animated_stickers#technical-requirements for animated sticker
            technical requirements. Pass a file_id as a String to send a file that already exists
            on the Telegram servers, pass an HTTP URL as a String for Telegram to get a file from
            the Internet, or upload a new one using multipart/form-data. Animated sticker set
            thumbnail can't be uploaded via HTTP URL.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during
                creation of the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/setStickerSetThumb'.format(self.base_url)

        if InputFile.is_file(thumb):
            thumb = InputFile(thumb)

        data = {'name': name, 'user_id': user_id, 'thumb': thumb}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def set_passport_data_errors(self, user_id, errors, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Informs a user that some of the Telegram Passport elements they provided contains errors.
        The user will not be able to re-submit their Passport to you until the errors are fixed
        (the contents of the field for which you returned the error must change).

        Use this if the data submitted by the user doesn't satisfy the standards your service
        requires for any reason. For example, if a birthday date seems invalid, a submitted
        document is blurry, a scan shows evidence of tampering, etc. Supply some details in the
        error message to make sure the user knows how to correct the issues.

        Args:
            user_id (:obj:`int`): User identifier
            errors (List[:class:`PassportElementError`]): A JSON-serialized array describing the
                errors.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during
                creation of the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bool`: On success, :obj:`True` is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url_ = '{}/setPassportDataErrors'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {'user_id': user_id, 'errors': [error.to_dict() for error in errors]}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url_, data, timeout=timeout)

        return result

    @log
    def send_poll(self,
                  chat_id,
                  question,
                  options,
                  is_anonymous=True,
                  type=Poll.REGULAR,
                  allows_multiple_answers=False,
                  correct_option_id=None,
                  is_closed=None,
                  disable_notification=None,
                  reply_to_message_id=None,
                  reply_markup=None,
                  timeout=None,
                  explanation=None,
                  explanation_parse_mode=DEFAULT_NONE,
                  open_period=None,
                  close_date=None,
                  **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to send a native poll.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            question (:obj:`str`): Poll question, 1-255 characters.
            options (List[:obj:`str`]): List of answer options, 2-10 strings 1-100 characters each.
            is_anonymous (:obj:`bool`, optional): :obj:`True`, if the poll needs to be anonymous,
                defaults to :obj:`True`.
            type (:obj:`str`, optional): Poll type, :attr:`telegram.Poll.QUIZ` or
                :attr:`telegram.Poll.REGULAR`, defaults to :attr:`telegram.Poll.REGULAR`.
            allows_multiple_answers (:obj:`bool`, optional): :obj:`True`, if the poll allows
                multiple answers, ignored for polls in quiz mode, defaults to :obj:`False`.
            correct_option_id (:obj:`int`, optional): 0-based identifier of the correct answer
                option, required for polls in quiz mode.
            explanation (:obj:`str`, optional): Text that is shown when a user chooses an incorrect
                answer or taps on the lamp icon in a quiz-style poll, 0-200 characters with at most
                2 line feeds after entities parsing.
            explanation_parse_mode (:obj:`str`, optional): Mode for parsing entities in the
                explanation. See the constants in :class:`telegram.ParseMode` for the available
                modes.
            open_period (:obj:`int`, optional): Amount of time in seconds the poll will be active
                after creation, 5-600. Can't be used together with :attr:`close_date`.
            close_date (:obj:`int` | :obj:`datetime.datetime`, optional): Point in time (Unix
                timestamp) when the poll will be automatically closed. Must be at least 5 and no
                more than 600 seconds in the future. Can't be used together with
                :attr:`open_period`.
            is_closed (:obj:`bool`, optional): Pass :obj:`True`, if the poll needs to be
                immediately closed. This can be useful for poll preview.
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            reply_to_message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): If the message is a reply, ID of the
                original message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.ReplyMarkup`, optional): Additional interface options. A
                JSON-serialized object for an inline keyboard, custom reply keyboard, instructions
                to remove reply keyboard or to force a reply from the user.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, the sent Message is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/sendPoll'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {
            'chat_id': chat_id,
            'question': question,
            'options': options
        }

        if explanation_parse_mode == DEFAULT_NONE:
            if self.defaults:
                explanation_parse_mode = self.defaults.parse_mode
            else:
                explanation_parse_mode = None

        if not is_anonymous:
            data['is_anonymous'] = is_anonymous
        if type:
            data['type'] = type
        if allows_multiple_answers:
            data['allows_multiple_answers'] = allows_multiple_answers
        if correct_option_id is not None:
            data['correct_option_id'] = correct_option_id
        if is_closed:
            data['is_closed'] = is_closed
        if explanation:
            data['explanation'] = explanation
        if explanation_parse_mode:
            data['explanation_parse_mode'] = explanation_parse_mode
        if open_period:
            data['open_period'] = open_period
        if close_date:
            if isinstance(close_date, datetime):
                close_date = to_timestamp(close_date)
            data['close_date'] = close_date

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, disable_notification=disable_notification,
                             reply_to_message_id=reply_to_message_id, reply_markup=reply_markup,
                             **kwargs)

    @log
    def stop_poll(self,
                  chat_id,
                  message_id,
                  reply_markup=None,
                  timeout=None,
                  **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to stop a poll which was sent by the bot.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target chat or username
                of the target channel (in the format @channelusername).
            message_id (:obj:`int`): Identifier of the original message with the poll.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.InlineKeyboardMarkup`, optional): A JSON-serialized
                object for a new message inline keyboard.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Poll`: On success, the stopped Poll with the final results is
            returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/stopPoll'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {
            'chat_id': chat_id,
            'message_id': message_id
        }

        if reply_markup:
            if isinstance(reply_markup, ReplyMarkup):
                # We need to_json() instead of to_dict() here, because reply_markups may be
                # attached to media messages, which aren't json dumped by utils.request
                data['reply_markup'] = reply_markup.to_json()
            else:
                data['reply_markup'] = reply_markup

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        return Poll.de_json(result, self)

    @log
    def send_dice(self,
                  chat_id,
                  disable_notification=None,
                  reply_to_message_id=None,
                  reply_markup=None,
                  timeout=None,
                  emoji=None,
                  **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to send an animated emoji, which will have a random value. On success, the
        sent Message is returned.

        Args:
            chat_id (:obj:`int` | :obj:`str`): Unique identifier for the target private chat.
            emoji (:obj:`str`, optional): Emoji on which the dice throw animation is based.
                Currently, must be one of “🎲”, “🎯” or “🏀”. Dice can have values 1-6 for “🎲” and
                “🎯”, and values 1-5 for “🏀” . Defaults to “🎲”
            disable_notification (:obj:`bool`, optional): Sends the message silently. Users will
                receive a notification with no sound.
            reply_to_message_id (:obj:`int`, optional): If the message is a reply, ID of the
                original message.
            reply_markup (:class:`telegram.ReplyMarkup`, optional): Additional interface options. A
                JSON-serialized object for an inline keyboard, custom reply keyboard, instructions
                to remove reply keyboard or to force a reply from the user.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :class:`telegram.Message`: On success, the sent Message is returned.

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/sendDice'.format(self.base_url)

        data = {
            'chat_id': chat_id,
        }

        if emoji:
            data['emoji'] = emoji

        return self._message(url, data, timeout=timeout, disable_notification=disable_notification,
                             reply_to_message_id=reply_to_message_id, reply_markup=reply_markup,
                             **kwargs)

    @log
    def get_my_commands(self, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to get the current list of the bot's commands.

        Args:
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            List[:class:`telegram.BotCommand]`: On success, the commands set for the bot

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/getMyCommands'.format(self.base_url)

        result = self._request.get(url, timeout=timeout)

        self._commands = [BotCommand.de_json(c, self) for c in result]

        return self._commands

    @log
    def set_my_commands(self, commands, timeout=None, **kwargs):
        """
        Use this method to change the list of the bot's commands.

        Args:
            commands (List[:class:`BotCommand` | (:obj:`str`, :obj:`str`)]): A JSON-serialized list
                of bot commands to be set as the list of the bot's commands. At most 100 commands
                can be specified.
            timeout (:obj:`int` | :obj:`float`, optional): If this value is specified, use it as
                the read timeout from the server (instead of the one specified during creation of
                the connection pool).
            **kwargs (:obj:`dict`): Arbitrary keyword arguments.

        Returns:
            :obj:`True`: On success

        Raises:
            :class:`telegram.TelegramError`

        """
        url = '{}/setMyCommands'.format(self.base_url)

        cmds = [c if isinstance(c, BotCommand) else BotCommand(c[0], c[1]) for c in commands]

        data = {'commands': [c.to_dict() for c in cmds]}
        data.update(kwargs)

        result = self._request.post(url, data, timeout=timeout)

        # Set commands. No need to check for outcome.
        # If request failed, we won't come this far
        self._commands = commands

        return result

    def to_dict(self):
        data = {'id': self.id, 'username': self.username, 'first_name': self.first_name}

        if self.last_name:
            data['last_name'] = self.last_name

        return data

    def __reduce__(self):
        return (self.__class__, (self.token, self.base_url.replace(self.token, ''),
                                 self.base_file_url.replace(self.token, '')))

    # camelCase aliases
    getMe = get_me
    """Alias for :attr:`get_me`"""
    sendMessage = send_message
    """Alias for :attr:`send_message`"""
    deleteMessage = delete_message
    """Alias for :attr:`delete_message`"""
    forwardMessage = forward_message
    """Alias for :attr:`forward_message`"""
    sendPhoto = send_photo
    """Alias for :attr:`send_photo`"""
    sendAudio = send_audio
    """Alias for :attr:`send_audio`"""
    sendDocument = send_document
    """Alias for :attr:`send_document`"""
    sendSticker = send_sticker
    """Alias for :attr:`send_sticker`"""
    sendVideo = send_video
    """Alias for :attr:`send_video`"""
    sendAnimation = send_animation
    """Alias for :attr:`send_animation`"""
    sendVoice = send_voice
    """Alias for :attr:`send_voice`"""
    sendVideoNote = send_video_note
    """Alias for :attr:`send_video_note`"""
    sendMediaGroup = send_media_group
    """Alias for :attr:`send_media_group`"""
    sendLocation = send_location
    """Alias for :attr:`send_location`"""
    editMessageLiveLocation = edit_message_live_location
    """Alias for :attr:`edit_message_live_location`"""
    stopMessageLiveLocation = stop_message_live_location
    """Alias for :attr:`stop_message_live_location`"""
    sendVenue = send_venue
    """Alias for :attr:`send_venue`"""
    sendContact = send_contact
    """Alias for :attr:`send_contact`"""
    sendGame = send_game
    """Alias for :attr:`send_game`"""
    sendChatAction = send_chat_action
    """Alias for :attr:`send_chat_action`"""
    answerInlineQuery = answer_inline_query
    """Alias for :attr:`answer_inline_query`"""
    getUserProfilePhotos = get_user_profile_photos
    """Alias for :attr:`get_user_profile_photos`"""
    getFile = get_file
    """Alias for :attr:`get_file`"""
    kickChatMember = kick_chat_member
    """Alias for :attr:`kick_chat_member`"""
    unbanChatMember = unban_chat_member
    """Alias for :attr:`unban_chat_member`"""
    answerCallbackQuery = answer_callback_query
    """Alias for :attr:`answer_callback_query`"""
    editMessageText = edit_message_text
    """Alias for :attr:`edit_message_text`"""
    editMessageCaption = edit_message_caption
    """Alias for :attr:`edit_message_caption`"""
    editMessageMedia = edit_message_media
    """Alias for :attr:`edit_message_media`"""
    editMessageReplyMarkup = edit_message_reply_markup
    """Alias for :attr:`edit_message_reply_markup`"""
    getUpdates = get_updates
    """Alias for :attr:`get_updates`"""
    setWebhook = set_webhook
    """Alias for :attr:`set_webhook`"""
    deleteWebhook = delete_webhook
    """Alias for :attr:`delete_webhook`"""
    leaveChat = leave_chat
    """Alias for :attr:`leave_chat`"""
    getChat = get_chat
    """Alias for :attr:`get_chat`"""
    getChatAdministrators = get_chat_administrators
    """Alias for :attr:`get_chat_administrators`"""
    getChatMember = get_chat_member
    """Alias for :attr:`get_chat_member`"""
    setChatStickerSet = set_chat_sticker_set
    """Alias for :attr:`set_chat_sticker_set`"""
    deleteChatStickerSet = delete_chat_sticker_set
    """Alias for :attr:`delete_chat_sticker_set`"""
    getChatMembersCount = get_chat_members_count
    """Alias for :attr:`get_chat_members_count`"""
    getWebhookInfo = get_webhook_info
    """Alias for :attr:`get_webhook_info`"""
    setGameScore = set_game_score
    """Alias for :attr:`set_game_score`"""
    getGameHighScores = get_game_high_scores
    """Alias for :attr:`get_game_high_scores`"""
    sendInvoice = send_invoice
    """Alias for :attr:`send_invoice`"""
    answerShippingQuery = answer_shipping_query
    """Alias for :attr:`answer_shipping_query`"""
    answerPreCheckoutQuery = answer_pre_checkout_query
    """Alias for :attr:`answer_pre_checkout_query`"""
    restrictChatMember = restrict_chat_member
    """Alias for :attr:`restrict_chat_member`"""
    promoteChatMember = promote_chat_member
    """Alias for :attr:`promote_chat_member`"""
    setChatPermissions = set_chat_permissions
    """Alias for :attr:`set_chat_permissions`"""
    setChatAdministratorCustomTitle = set_chat_administrator_custom_title
    """Alias for :attr:`set_chat_administrator_custom_title`"""
    exportChatInviteLink = export_chat_invite_link
    """Alias for :attr:`export_chat_invite_link`"""
    setChatPhoto = set_chat_photo
    """Alias for :attr:`set_chat_photo`"""
    deleteChatPhoto = delete_chat_photo
    """Alias for :attr:`delete_chat_photo`"""
    setChatTitle = set_chat_title
    """Alias for :attr:`set_chat_title`"""
    setChatDescription = set_chat_description
    """Alias for :attr:`set_chat_description`"""
    pinChatMessage = pin_chat_message
    """Alias for :attr:`pin_chat_message`"""
    unpinChatMessage = unpin_chat_message
    """Alias for :attr:`unpin_chat_message`"""
    getStickerSet = get_sticker_set
    """Alias for :attr:`get_sticker_set`"""
    uploadStickerFile = upload_sticker_file
    """Alias for :attr:`upload_sticker_file`"""
    createNewStickerSet = create_new_sticker_set
    """Alias for :attr:`create_new_sticker_set`"""
    addStickerToSet = add_sticker_to_set
    """Alias for :attr:`add_sticker_to_set`"""
    setStickerPositionInSet = set_sticker_position_in_set
    """Alias for :attr:`set_sticker_position_in_set`"""
    deleteStickerFromSet = delete_sticker_from_set
    """Alias for :attr:`delete_sticker_from_set`"""
    setStickerSetThumb = set_sticker_set_thumb
    """Alias for :attr:`set_sticker_set_thumb`"""
    setPassportDataErrors = set_passport_data_errors
    """Alias for :attr:`set_passport_data_errors`"""
    sendPoll = send_poll
    """Alias for :attr:`send_poll`"""
    stopPoll = stop_poll
    """Alias for :attr:`stop_poll`"""
    sendDice = send_dice
    """Alias for :attr:`send_dice`"""
    getMyCommands = get_my_commands
    """Alias for :attr:`get_my_commands`"""
    setMyCommands = set_my_commands
    """Alias for :attr:`set_my_commands`"""