diff --git a/telegram/audio.py b/telegram/audio.py
index 89ce7c5ba..0b49e9396 100644
--- a/telegram/audio.py
+++ b/telegram/audio.py
@@ -44,15 +44,22 @@ class Audio(TelegramObject):
         file_size (Optional[int]):
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, file_id, duration, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self,
+                 file_id,
+                 duration,
+                 performer='',
+                 title='',
+                 mime_type='',
+                 file_size=0,
+                 **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.file_id = str(file_id)
         self.duration = int(duration)
         # Optionals
-        self.performer = kwargs.get('performer', '')
-        self.title = kwargs.get('title', '')
-        self.mime_type = str(kwargs.get('mime_type', ''))
-        self.file_size = int(kwargs.get('file_size', 0))
+        self.performer = performer
+        self.title = title
+        self.mime_type = str(mime_type)
+        self.file_size = int(file_size)
 
     @staticmethod
     def de_json(data, bot):
diff --git a/telegram/callbackquery.py b/telegram/callbackquery.py
index 77332c50f..17850c501 100644
--- a/telegram/callbackquery.py
+++ b/telegram/callbackquery.py
@@ -25,14 +25,15 @@ from telegram import TelegramObject, Message, User
 class CallbackQuery(TelegramObject):
     """This object represents a Telegram CallbackQuery."""
 
-    def __init__(self, id, from_user, data, bot=None, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, id, from_user, data, message=None, inline_message_id='', bot=None,
+                 **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.id = id
         self.from_user = from_user
         self.data = data
         # Optionals
-        self.message = kwargs.get('message')
-        self.inline_message_id = kwargs.get('inline_message_id', '')
+        self.message = message
+        self.inline_message_id = inline_message_id
 
         self.bot = bot
 
diff --git a/telegram/chat.py b/telegram/chat.py
index 94ade4994..c28d7d3d4 100644
--- a/telegram/chat.py
+++ b/telegram/chat.py
@@ -48,15 +48,23 @@ class Chat(TelegramObject):
     SUPERGROUP = 'supergroup'
     CHANNEL = 'channel'
 
-    def __init__(self, id, type, bot=None, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self,
+                 id,
+                 type,
+                 title='',
+                 username='',
+                 first_name='',
+                 last_name='',
+                 bot=None,
+                 **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.id = int(id)
         self.type = type
         # Optionals
-        self.title = kwargs.get('title', '')
-        self.username = kwargs.get('username', '')
-        self.first_name = kwargs.get('first_name', '')
-        self.last_name = kwargs.get('last_name', '')
+        self.title = title
+        self.username = username
+        self.first_name = first_name
+        self.last_name = last_name
 
         self.bot = bot
 
diff --git a/telegram/contact.py b/telegram/contact.py
index 48f7e3065..bd29cf984 100644
--- a/telegram/contact.py
+++ b/telegram/contact.py
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ class Contact(TelegramObject):
         user_id (Optional[int]):
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, phone_number, first_name, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, phone_number, first_name, last_name='', user_id=0, **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.phone_number = str(phone_number)
         self.first_name = first_name
         # Optionals
-        self.last_name = kwargs.get('last_name', '')
-        self.user_id = int(kwargs.get('user_id', 0))
+        self.last_name = last_name
+        self.user_id = int(user_id)
 
     @staticmethod
     def de_json(data, bot):
diff --git a/telegram/document.py b/telegram/document.py
index 4e16b02b5..2bc08ff8d 100644
--- a/telegram/document.py
+++ b/telegram/document.py
@@ -42,14 +42,14 @@ class Document(TelegramObject):
         file_size (Optional[int]):
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, file_id, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, file_id, thumb=None, file_name='', mime_type='', file_size=0, **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.file_id = str(file_id)
         # Optionals
-        self.thumb = kwargs.get('thumb')
-        self.file_name = kwargs.get('file_name', '')
-        self.mime_type = str(kwargs.get('mime_type', ''))
-        self.file_size = int(kwargs.get('file_size', 0))
+        self.thumb = thumb
+        self.file_name = file_name
+        self.mime_type = str(mime_type)
+        self.file_size = int(file_size)
 
     @staticmethod
     def de_json(data, bot):
diff --git a/telegram/file.py b/telegram/file.py
index b04e85cff..7b0fd0e08 100644
--- a/telegram/file.py
+++ b/telegram/file.py
@@ -42,13 +42,13 @@ class File(TelegramObject):
 
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, file_id, bot, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, file_id, bot, file_size=0, file_path='', **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.file_id = str(file_id)
 
         # Optionals
-        self.file_size = int(kwargs.get('file_size', 0))
-        self.file_path = str(kwargs.get('file_path', ''))
+        self.file_size = int(file_size)
+        self.file_path = str(file_path)
 
         self.bot = bot
 
diff --git a/telegram/forcereply.py b/telegram/forcereply.py
index 3993e2390..8ce2925c0 100644
--- a/telegram/forcereply.py
+++ b/telegram/forcereply.py
@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ class ForceReply(ReplyMarkup):
         selective (Optional[bool]):
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, force_reply=True, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, force_reply=True, selective=False, **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.force_reply = bool(force_reply)
         # Optionals
-        self.selective = bool(kwargs.get('selective', False))
+        self.selective = bool(selective)
 
     @staticmethod
     def de_json(data, bot):
diff --git a/telegram/inlinekeyboardbutton.py b/telegram/inlinekeyboardbutton.py
index d2fbcc588..0abf0552b 100644
--- a/telegram/inlinekeyboardbutton.py
+++ b/telegram/inlinekeyboardbutton.py
@@ -42,14 +42,14 @@ class InlineKeyboardButton(TelegramObject):
 
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, text, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, text, url=None, callback_data=None, switch_inline_query=None, **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.text = text
 
         # Optionals
-        self.url = kwargs.get('url')
-        self.callback_data = kwargs.get('callback_data')
-        self.switch_inline_query = kwargs.get('switch_inline_query')
+        self.url = url
+        self.callback_data = callback_data
+        self.switch_inline_query = switch_inline_query
 
     @staticmethod
     def de_json(data, bot):
diff --git a/telegram/inlinequery.py b/telegram/inlinequery.py
index 58e4f265b..17a9ad462 100644
--- a/telegram/inlinequery.py
+++ b/telegram/inlinequery.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class InlineQuery(TelegramObject):
         bot (Optional[Bot]): The Bot to use for instance methods
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, id, from_user, query, offset, bot=None, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, id, from_user, query, offset, location=None, bot=None, **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.id = id
         self.from_user = from_user
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class InlineQuery(TelegramObject):
         self.offset = offset
 
         # Optional
-        self.location = kwargs.get('location')
+        self.location = location
 
         self.bot = bot
 
diff --git a/telegram/message.py b/telegram/message.py
index 32f8fe45b..9c7865d4d 100644
--- a/telegram/message.py
+++ b/telegram/message.py
@@ -106,41 +106,77 @@ class Message(TelegramObject):
         bot (Optional[Bot]): The Bot to use for instance methods
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, message_id, from_user, date, chat, bot=None, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self,
+                 message_id,
+                 from_user,
+                 date,
+                 chat,
+                 forward_from=None,
+                 forward_from_chat=None,
+                 forward_date=None,
+                 reply_to_message=None,
+                 edit_date=None,
+                 text='',
+                 entities=None,
+                 audio=None,
+                 document=None,
+                 photo=None,
+                 sticker=None,
+                 video=None,
+                 voice=None,
+                 caption='',
+                 contact=None,
+                 location=None,
+                 venue=None,
+                 new_chat_member=None,
+                 left_chat_member=None,
+                 new_chat_title='',
+                 new_chat_photo=None,
+                 delete_chat_photo=False,
+                 group_chat_created=False,
+                 supergroup_chat_created=False,
+                 migrate_to_chat_id=0,
+                 migrate_from_chat_id=0,
+                 channel_chat_created=False,
+                 pinned_message=None,
+                 bot=None,
+                 **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.message_id = int(message_id)
         self.from_user = from_user
         self.date = date
         self.chat = chat
         # Optionals
-        self.forward_from = kwargs.get('forward_from')
-        self.forward_from_chat = kwargs.get('forward_from_chat')
-        self.forward_date = kwargs.get('forward_date')
-        self.reply_to_message = kwargs.get('reply_to_message')
-        self.edit_date = kwargs.get('edit_date')
-        self.text = kwargs.get('text', '')
-        self.entities = kwargs.get('entities', list())
-        self.audio = kwargs.get('audio')
-        self.document = kwargs.get('document')
-        self.photo = kwargs.get('photo')
-        self.sticker = kwargs.get('sticker')
-        self.video = kwargs.get('video')
-        self.voice = kwargs.get('voice')
-        self.caption = kwargs.get('caption', '')
-        self.contact = kwargs.get('contact')
-        self.location = kwargs.get('location')
-        self.venue = kwargs.get('venue')
-        self.new_chat_member = kwargs.get('new_chat_member')
-        self.left_chat_member = kwargs.get('left_chat_member')
-        self.new_chat_title = kwargs.get('new_chat_title', '')
-        self.new_chat_photo = kwargs.get('new_chat_photo')
-        self.delete_chat_photo = bool(kwargs.get('delete_chat_photo', False))
-        self.group_chat_created = bool(kwargs.get('group_chat_created', False))
-        self.supergroup_chat_created = bool(kwargs.get('supergroup_chat_created', False))
-        self.migrate_to_chat_id = int(kwargs.get('migrate_to_chat_id', 0))
-        self.migrate_from_chat_id = int(kwargs.get('migrate_from_chat_id', 0))
-        self.channel_chat_created = bool(kwargs.get('channel_chat_created', False))
-        self.pinned_message = kwargs.get('pinned_message')
+        self.forward_from = forward_from
+        self.forward_from_chat = forward_from_chat
+        self.forward_date = forward_date
+        self.reply_to_message = reply_to_message
+        self.edit_date = edit_date
+        self.text = text
+        if entities is None:
+            entities = list()
+        self.entities = entities
+        self.audio = audio
+        self.document = document
+        self.photo = photo
+        self.sticker = sticker
+        self.video = video
+        self.voice = voice
+        self.caption = caption
+        self.contact = contact
+        self.location = location
+        self.venue = venue
+        self.new_chat_member = new_chat_member
+        self.left_chat_member = left_chat_member
+        self.new_chat_title = new_chat_title
+        self.new_chat_photo = new_chat_photo
+        self.delete_chat_photo = bool(delete_chat_photo)
+        self.group_chat_created = bool(group_chat_created)
+        self.supergroup_chat_created = bool(supergroup_chat_created)
+        self.migrate_to_chat_id = int(migrate_to_chat_id)
+        self.migrate_from_chat_id = int(migrate_from_chat_id)
+        self.channel_chat_created = bool(channel_chat_created)
+        self.pinned_message = pinned_message
 
         self.bot = bot
 
diff --git a/telegram/messageentity.py b/telegram/messageentity.py
index eb6a41248..cd87e09f3 100644
--- a/telegram/messageentity.py
+++ b/telegram/messageentity.py
@@ -34,14 +34,14 @@ class MessageEntity(TelegramObject):
         user (Optional[:class:`telegram.User`]):
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, type, offset, length, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, type, offset, length, url=None, user=None, **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.type = type
         self.offset = offset
         self.length = length
         # Optionals
-        self.url = kwargs.get('url')
-        self.user = kwargs.get('user')
+        self.url = url
+        self.user = user
 
     @staticmethod
     def de_json(data, bot):
diff --git a/telegram/photosize.py b/telegram/photosize.py
index e708ab11d..dfc5b8d31 100644
--- a/telegram/photosize.py
+++ b/telegram/photosize.py
@@ -40,13 +40,13 @@ class PhotoSize(TelegramObject):
         file_size (Optional[int]):
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, file_id, width, height, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, file_id, width, height, file_size=0, **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.file_id = str(file_id)
         self.width = int(width)
         self.height = int(height)
         # Optionals
-        self.file_size = int(kwargs.get('file_size', 0))
+        self.file_size = int(file_size)
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         if not isinstance(other, self.__class__):
diff --git a/telegram/replykeyboardhide.py b/telegram/replykeyboardhide.py
index ddc5ff414..b57052dd2 100644
--- a/telegram/replykeyboardhide.py
+++ b/telegram/replykeyboardhide.py
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@ class ReplyKeyboardHide(ReplyMarkup):
         selective (Optional[bool]):
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, hide_keyboard=True, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, hide_keyboard=True, selective=False, **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.hide_keyboard = bool(hide_keyboard)
         # Optionals
-        self.selective = bool(kwargs.get('selective', False))
+        self.selective = bool(selective)
 
     @staticmethod
     def de_json(data, bot):
diff --git a/telegram/replykeyboardmarkup.py b/telegram/replykeyboardmarkup.py
index 17f00ff57..16275c751 100644
--- a/telegram/replykeyboardmarkup.py
+++ b/telegram/replykeyboardmarkup.py
@@ -41,13 +41,18 @@ class ReplyKeyboardMarkup(ReplyMarkup):
         selective (Optional[bool]):
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, keyboard, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self,
+                 keyboard,
+                 resize_keyboard=False,
+                 one_time_keyboard=False,
+                 selective=False,
+                 **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.keyboard = keyboard
         # Optionals
-        self.resize_keyboard = bool(kwargs.get('resize_keyboard', False))
-        self.one_time_keyboard = bool(kwargs.get('one_time_keyboard', False))
-        self.selective = bool(kwargs.get('selective', False))
+        self.resize_keyboard = bool(resize_keyboard)
+        self.one_time_keyboard = bool(one_time_keyboard)
+        self.selective = bool(selective)
 
     @staticmethod
     def de_json(data, bot):
diff --git a/telegram/sticker.py b/telegram/sticker.py
index b2255fb18..5eb54453e 100644
--- a/telegram/sticker.py
+++ b/telegram/sticker.py
@@ -44,15 +44,15 @@ class Sticker(TelegramObject):
         file_size (Optional[int]):
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, file_id, width, height, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, file_id, width, height, thumb=None, emoji='', file_size=0, **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.file_id = str(file_id)
         self.width = int(width)
         self.height = int(height)
         # Optionals
-        self.thumb = kwargs.get('thumb')
-        self.emoji = kwargs.get('emoji', '')
-        self.file_size = int(kwargs.get('file_size', 0))
+        self.thumb = thumb
+        self.emoji = emoji
+        self.file_size = int(file_size)
 
     @staticmethod
     def de_json(data, bot):
diff --git a/telegram/update.py b/telegram/update.py
index 08a164b99..f6c9a3257 100644
--- a/telegram/update.py
+++ b/telegram/update.py
@@ -44,15 +44,22 @@ class Update(TelegramObject):
         callback_query (Optional[:class:`telegram.CallbackQuery`]):
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, update_id, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self,
+                 update_id,
+                 message=None,
+                 edited_message=None,
+                 inline_query=None,
+                 chosen_inline_result=None,
+                 callback_query=None,
+                 **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.update_id = int(update_id)
         # Optionals
-        self.message = kwargs.get('message')
-        self.edited_message = kwargs.get('edited_message')
-        self.inline_query = kwargs.get('inline_query')
-        self.chosen_inline_result = kwargs.get('chosen_inline_result')
-        self.callback_query = kwargs.get('callback_query')
+        self.message = message
+        self.edited_message = edited_message
+        self.inline_query = inline_query
+        self.chosen_inline_result = chosen_inline_result
+        self.callback_query = callback_query
 
     @staticmethod
     def de_json(data, bot):
diff --git a/telegram/user.py b/telegram/user.py
index 676d276ee..e49d55f29 100644
--- a/telegram/user.py
+++ b/telegram/user.py
@@ -44,14 +44,14 @@ class User(TelegramObject):
         bot (Optional[Bot]): The Bot to use for instance methods
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, id, first_name, bot=None, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, id, first_name, type='', last_name='', username='', bot=None, **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.id = int(id)
         self.first_name = first_name
         # Optionals
-        self.type = kwargs.get('type', '')
-        self.last_name = kwargs.get('last_name', '')
-        self.username = kwargs.get('username', '')
+        self.type = type
+        self.last_name = last_name
+        self.username = username
 
         self.bot = bot
 
diff --git a/telegram/video.py b/telegram/video.py
index 9adceb553..a2c7ef209 100644
--- a/telegram/video.py
+++ b/telegram/video.py
@@ -46,16 +46,24 @@ class Video(TelegramObject):
         file_size (Optional[int]):
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, file_id, width, height, duration, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self,
+                 file_id,
+                 width,
+                 height,
+                 duration,
+                 thumb=None,
+                 mime_type='',
+                 file_size=0,
+                 **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.file_id = str(file_id)
         self.width = int(width)
         self.height = int(height)
         self.duration = int(duration)
         # Optionals
-        self.thumb = kwargs.get('thumb')
-        self.mime_type = str(kwargs.get('mime_type', ''))
-        self.file_size = int(kwargs.get('file_size', 0))
+        self.thumb = thumb
+        self.mime_type = str(mime_type)
+        self.file_size = int(file_size)
 
     @staticmethod
     def de_json(data, bot):
diff --git a/telegram/voice.py b/telegram/voice.py
index 50e2f9300..ba9b62ece 100644
--- a/telegram/voice.py
+++ b/telegram/voice.py
@@ -32,21 +32,21 @@ class Voice(TelegramObject):
 
     Args:
         file_id (str):
+        duration (Optional[int]):
         **kwargs: Arbitrary keyword arguments.
 
     Keyword Args:
-        duration (Optional[int]):
         mime_type (Optional[str]):
         file_size (Optional[int]):
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, file_id, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, file_id, duration, mime_type='', file_size=0, **kwargs):
         # Required
         self.file_id = str(file_id)
+        self.duration = int(duration)
         # Optionals
-        self.duration = int(kwargs.get('duration', 0))
-        self.mime_type = str(kwargs.get('mime_type', ''))
-        self.file_size = int(kwargs.get('file_size', 0))
+        self.mime_type = str(mime_type)
+        self.file_size = int(file_size)
 
     @staticmethod
     def de_json(data, bot):