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https://github.com/python-telegram-bot/python-telegram-bot.git
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675 lines
28 KiB
Python
675 lines
28 KiB
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python
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#
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# A library that provides a Python interface to the Telegram Bot API
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# Copyright (C) 2015-2024
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# Leandro Toledo de Souza <devs@python-telegram-bot.org>
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#
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# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser Public License as published by
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# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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# (at your option) any later version.
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#
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# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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# GNU Lesser Public License for more details.
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#
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# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser Public License
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# along with this program. If not, see [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/].
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"""Base class for Telegram Objects."""
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import contextlib
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import datetime
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import inspect
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import json
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from collections.abc import Iterator, Mapping, Sized
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from contextlib import contextmanager
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from copy import deepcopy
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from itertools import chain
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from types import MappingProxyType
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from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar, Optional, TypeVar, Union, cast
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from telegram._utils.datetime import to_timestamp
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from telegram._utils.defaultvalue import DefaultValue
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from telegram._utils.types import JSONDict
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from telegram._utils.warnings import warn
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if TYPE_CHECKING:
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from telegram import Bot
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Tele_co = TypeVar("Tele_co", bound="TelegramObject", covariant=True)
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class TelegramObject:
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"""Base class for most Telegram objects.
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Objects of this type are subscriptable with strings. See :meth:`__getitem__` for more details.
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The :mod:`pickle` and :func:`~copy.deepcopy` behavior of objects of this type are defined by
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:meth:`__getstate__`, :meth:`__setstate__` and :meth:`__deepcopy__`.
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Tip:
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Objects of this type can be serialized via Python's :mod:`pickle` module and pickled
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objects from one version of PTB are usually loadable in future versions. However, we can
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not guarantee that this compatibility will always be provided. At least a manual one-time
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conversion of the data may be needed on major updates of the library.
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.. versionchanged:: 20.0
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* Removed argument and attribute ``bot`` for several subclasses. Use
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:meth:`set_bot` and :meth:`get_bot` instead.
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* Removed the possibility to pass arbitrary keyword arguments for several subclasses.
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* String representations objects of this type was overhauled. See :meth:`__repr__` for
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details. As this class doesn't implement :meth:`object.__str__`, the default
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implementation will be used, which is equivalent to :meth:`__repr__`.
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* Objects of this class (or subclasses) are now immutable. This means that you can't set
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or delete attributes anymore. Moreover, attributes that were formerly of type
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:obj:`list` are now of type :obj:`tuple`.
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Arguments:
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api_kwargs (dict[:obj:`str`, any], optional): |toapikwargsarg|
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.. versionadded:: 20.0
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Attributes:
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api_kwargs (:obj:`types.MappingProxyType` [:obj:`str`, any]): |toapikwargsattr|
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.. versionadded:: 20.0
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"""
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__slots__ = ("_bot", "_frozen", "_id_attrs", "api_kwargs")
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# Used to cache the names of the parameters of the __init__ method of the class
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# Must be a private attribute to avoid name clashes between subclasses
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__INIT_PARAMS: ClassVar[set[str]] = set()
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# Used to check if __INIT_PARAMS has been set for the current class. Unfortunately, we can't
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# just check if `__INIT_PARAMS is None`, since subclasses use the parent class' __INIT_PARAMS
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# unless it's overridden
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__INIT_PARAMS_CHECK: Optional[type["TelegramObject"]] = None
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def __init__(self, *, api_kwargs: Optional[JSONDict] = None) -> None:
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# Setting _frozen to `False` here means that classes without arguments still need to
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# implement __init__. However, with `True` would mean increased usage of
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# `with self._unfrozen()` in the `__init__` of subclasses and we have fewer empty
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# classes than classes with arguments.
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self._frozen: bool = False
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self._id_attrs: tuple[object, ...] = ()
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self._bot: Optional[Bot] = None
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# We don't do anything with api_kwargs here - see docstring of _apply_api_kwargs
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self.api_kwargs: Mapping[str, Any] = MappingProxyType(api_kwargs or {})
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def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
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"""Compares this object with :paramref:`other` in terms of equality.
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If this object and :paramref:`other` are `not` objects of the same class,
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this comparison will fall back to Python's default implementation of :meth:`object.__eq__`.
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Otherwise, both objects may be compared in terms of equality, if the corresponding
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subclass of :class:`TelegramObject` has defined a set of attributes to compare and
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the objects are considered to be equal, if all of these attributes are equal.
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If the subclass has not defined a set of attributes to compare, a warning will be issued.
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Tip:
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If instances of a class in the :mod:`telegram` module are comparable in terms of
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equality, the documentation of the class will state the attributes that will be used
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for this comparison.
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Args:
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other (:obj:`object`): The object to compare with.
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Returns:
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:obj:`bool`
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"""
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if isinstance(other, self.__class__):
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if not self._id_attrs:
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warn(
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f"Objects of type {self.__class__.__name__} can not be meaningfully tested for"
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" equivalence.",
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stacklevel=2,
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)
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if not other._id_attrs:
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warn(
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f"Objects of type {other.__class__.__name__} can not be meaningfully tested"
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" for equivalence.",
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stacklevel=2,
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)
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return self._id_attrs == other._id_attrs
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return super().__eq__(other)
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def __hash__(self) -> int:
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"""Builds a hash value for this object such that the hash of two objects is equal if and
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only if the objects are equal in terms of :meth:`__eq__`.
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Returns:
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:obj:`int`
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"""
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if self._id_attrs:
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return hash((self.__class__, self._id_attrs))
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return super().__hash__()
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def __setattr__(self, key: str, value: object) -> None:
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"""Overrides :meth:`object.__setattr__` to prevent the overriding of attributes.
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Raises:
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:exc:`AttributeError`
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"""
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# protected attributes can always be set for convenient internal use
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if key[0] == "_" or not getattr(self, "_frozen", True):
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super().__setattr__(key, value)
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return
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raise AttributeError(
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f"Attribute `{key}` of class `{self.__class__.__name__}` can't be set!"
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)
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def __delattr__(self, key: str) -> None:
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"""Overrides :meth:`object.__delattr__` to prevent the deletion of attributes.
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Raises:
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:exc:`AttributeError`
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"""
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# protected attributes can always be set for convenient internal use
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if key[0] == "_" or not getattr(self, "_frozen", True):
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super().__delattr__(key)
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return
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raise AttributeError(
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f"Attribute `{key}` of class `{self.__class__.__name__}` can't be deleted!"
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)
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def __repr__(self) -> str:
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"""Gives a string representation of this object in the form
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``ClassName(attr_1=value_1, attr_2=value_2, ...)``, where attributes are omitted if they
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have the value :obj:`None` or are empty instances of :class:`collections.abc.Sized` (e.g.
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:class:`list`, :class:`dict`, :class:`set`, :class:`str`, etc.).
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As this class doesn't implement :meth:`object.__str__`, the default implementation
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will be used, which is equivalent to :meth:`__repr__`.
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Returns:
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:obj:`str`
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"""
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# * `__repr__` goal is to be unambiguous
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# * `__str__` goal is to be readable
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# * `str()` calls `__repr__`, if `__str__` is not defined
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# In our case "unambiguous" and "readable" largely coincide, so we can use the same logic.
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as_dict = self._get_attrs(recursive=False, include_private=False)
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if not self.api_kwargs:
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# Drop api_kwargs from the representation, if empty
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as_dict.pop("api_kwargs", None)
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else:
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# Otherwise, we want to skip the "mappingproxy" part of the repr
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as_dict["api_kwargs"] = dict(self.api_kwargs)
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contents = ", ".join(
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f"{k}={as_dict[k]!r}"
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for k in sorted(as_dict.keys())
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if (
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as_dict[k] is not None
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and not (
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isinstance(as_dict[k], Sized)
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and len(as_dict[k]) == 0 # type: ignore[arg-type]
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)
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)
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)
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return f"{self.__class__.__name__}({contents})"
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def __getitem__(self, item: str) -> object:
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"""
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Objects of this type are subscriptable with strings, where
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``telegram_object["attribute_name"]`` is equivalent to ``telegram_object.attribute_name``.
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Tip:
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This is useful for dynamic attribute lookup, i.e. ``telegram_object[arg]`` where the
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value of ``arg`` is determined at runtime.
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In all other cases, it's recommended to use the dot notation instead, i.e.
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``telegram_object.attribute_name``.
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.. versionchanged:: 20.0
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``telegram_object['from']`` will look up the key ``from_user``. This is to account for
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special cases like :attr:`Message.from_user` that deviate from the official Bot API.
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Args:
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item (:obj:`str`): The name of the attribute to look up.
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Returns:
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:obj:`object`
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Raises:
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:exc:`KeyError`: If the object does not have an attribute with the appropriate name.
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"""
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if item == "from":
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item = "from_user"
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try:
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return getattr(self, item)
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except AttributeError as exc:
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raise KeyError(
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f"Objects of type {self.__class__.__name__} don't have an attribute called "
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f"`{item}`."
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) from exc
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def __getstate__(self) -> dict[str, Union[str, object]]:
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"""
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Overrides :meth:`object.__getstate__` to customize the pickling process of objects of this
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type.
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The returned state does `not` contain the :class:`telegram.Bot` instance set with
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:meth:`set_bot` (if any), as it can't be pickled.
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Returns:
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state (dict[:obj:`str`, :obj:`object`]): The state of the object.
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"""
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out = self._get_attrs(
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include_private=True, recursive=False, remove_bot=True, convert_default_vault=False
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)
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# MappingProxyType is not pickable, so we convert it to a dict and revert in
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# __setstate__
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out["api_kwargs"] = dict(self.api_kwargs)
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return out
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def __setstate__(self, state: dict[str, object]) -> None:
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"""
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Overrides :meth:`object.__setstate__` to customize the unpickling process of objects of
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this type. Modifies the object in-place.
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If any data was stored in the :attr:`api_kwargs` of the pickled object, this method checks
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if the class now has dedicated attributes for those keys and moves the values from
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:attr:`api_kwargs` to the dedicated attributes.
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This can happen, if serialized data is loaded with a new version of this library, where
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the new version was updated to account for updates of the Telegram Bot API.
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If on the contrary an attribute was removed from the class, the value is not discarded but
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made available via :attr:`api_kwargs`.
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Args:
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state (:obj:`dict`): The data to set as attributes of this object.
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"""
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self._unfreeze()
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# Make sure that we have a `_bot` attribute. This is necessary, since __getstate__ omits
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# this as Bots are not pickable.
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self._bot = None
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# get api_kwargs first because we may need to add entries to it (see try-except below)
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api_kwargs = cast(dict[str, object], state.pop("api_kwargs", {}))
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# get _frozen before the loop to avoid setting it to True in the loop
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frozen = state.pop("_frozen", False)
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for key, val in state.items():
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try:
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setattr(self, key, val)
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except AttributeError:
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# So an attribute was deprecated and removed from the class. Let's handle this:
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# 1) Is the attribute now a property with no setter? Let's check that:
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if isinstance(getattr(self.__class__, key, None), property):
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# It is, so let's try to set the "private attribute" instead
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try:
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setattr(self, f"_{key}", val)
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# If this fails as well, guess we've completely removed it. Let's add it to
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# api_kwargs as fallback
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except AttributeError:
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api_kwargs[key] = val
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# 2) The attribute is a private attribute, i.e. it went through case 1) in the past
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elif key.startswith("_"):
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continue # skip adding this to api_kwargs, the attribute is lost forever.
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api_kwargs[key] = val # add it to api_kwargs as fallback
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# For api_kwargs we first apply any kwargs that are already attributes of the object
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# and then set the rest as MappingProxyType attribute. Converting to MappingProxyType
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# is necessary, since __getstate__ converts it to a dict as MPT is not pickable.
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self._apply_api_kwargs(api_kwargs)
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self.api_kwargs = MappingProxyType(api_kwargs)
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# Apply freezing if necessary
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# we .get(…) the setting for backwards compatibility with objects that were pickled
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# before the freeze feature was introduced
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if frozen:
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self._freeze()
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def __deepcopy__(self: Tele_co, memodict: dict[int, object]) -> Tele_co:
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"""
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Customizes how :func:`copy.deepcopy` processes objects of this type.
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The only difference to the default implementation is that the :class:`telegram.Bot`
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instance set via :meth:`set_bot` (if any) is not copied, but shared between the original
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and the copy, i.e.::
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assert telegram_object.get_bot() is copy.deepcopy(telegram_object).get_bot()
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Args:
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memodict (:obj:`dict`): A dictionary that maps objects to their copies.
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Returns:
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:class:`telegram.TelegramObject`: The copied object.
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"""
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bot = self._bot # Save bot so we can set it after copying
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self.set_bot(None) # set to None so it is not deepcopied
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cls = self.__class__
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result = cls.__new__(cls) # create a new instance
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memodict[id(self)] = result # save the id of the object in the dict
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result._frozen = False # unfreeze the new object for setting the attributes
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# now we set the attributes in the deepcopied object
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for k in self._get_attrs_names(include_private=True):
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if k == "_frozen":
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# Setting the frozen status to True would prevent the attributes from being set
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continue
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if k == "api_kwargs":
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# Need to copy api_kwargs manually, since it's a MappingProxyType is not
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# pickable and deepcopy uses the pickle interface
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setattr(result, k, MappingProxyType(deepcopy(dict(self.api_kwargs), memodict)))
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continue
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try:
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setattr(result, k, deepcopy(getattr(self, k), memodict))
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except AttributeError:
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# Skip missing attributes. This can happen if the object was loaded from a pickle
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# file that was created with an older version of the library, where the class
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# did not have the attribute yet.
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continue
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# Apply freezing if necessary
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if self._frozen:
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result._freeze()
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result.set_bot(bot) # Assign the bots back
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self.set_bot(bot)
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return result
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@staticmethod
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def _parse_data(data: Optional[JSONDict]) -> Optional[JSONDict]:
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"""Should be called by subclasses that override de_json to ensure that the input
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is not altered. Whoever calls de_json might still want to use the original input
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for something else.
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"""
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return None if data is None else data.copy()
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@classmethod
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def _de_json(
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cls: type[Tele_co],
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data: Optional[JSONDict],
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bot: Optional["Bot"],
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api_kwargs: Optional[JSONDict] = None,
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) -> Optional[Tele_co]:
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if data is None:
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return None
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# try-except is significantly faster in case we already have a correct argument set
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try:
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obj = cls(**data, api_kwargs=api_kwargs)
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except TypeError as exc:
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if "__init__() got an unexpected keyword argument" not in str(exc):
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raise
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if cls.__INIT_PARAMS_CHECK is not cls:
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signature = inspect.signature(cls)
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cls.__INIT_PARAMS = set(signature.parameters.keys())
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cls.__INIT_PARAMS_CHECK = cls
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api_kwargs = api_kwargs or {}
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existing_kwargs: JSONDict = {}
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for key, value in data.items():
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(existing_kwargs if key in cls.__INIT_PARAMS else api_kwargs)[key] = value
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obj = cls(api_kwargs=api_kwargs, **existing_kwargs)
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obj.set_bot(bot=bot)
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return obj
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@classmethod
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def de_json(
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cls: type[Tele_co], data: Optional[JSONDict], bot: Optional["Bot"] = None
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) -> Optional[Tele_co]:
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"""Converts JSON data to a Telegram object.
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Args:
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data (dict[:obj:`str`, ...]): The JSON data.
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bot (:class:`telegram.Bot`, optional): The bot associated with this object. Defaults to
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:obj:`None`, in which case shortcut methods will not be available.
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.. versionchanged:: 21.4
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:paramref:`bot` is now optional and defaults to :obj:`None`
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Returns:
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The Telegram object.
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"""
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return cls._de_json(data=data, bot=bot)
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@classmethod
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def de_list(
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cls: type[Tele_co], data: Optional[list[JSONDict]], bot: Optional["Bot"] = None
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) -> tuple[Tele_co, ...]:
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"""Converts a list of JSON objects to a tuple of Telegram objects.
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.. versionchanged:: 20.0
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* Returns a tuple instead of a list.
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* Filters out any :obj:`None` values.
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Args:
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data (list[dict[:obj:`str`, ...]]): The JSON data.
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bot (:class:`telegram.Bot`, optional): The bot associated with these object. Defaults
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to :obj:`None`, in which case shortcut methods will not be available.
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.. versionchanged:: 21.4
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:paramref:`bot` is now optional and defaults to :obj:`None`
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Returns:
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A tuple of Telegram objects.
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"""
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if not data:
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return ()
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return tuple(obj for obj in (cls.de_json(d, bot) for d in data) if obj is not None)
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@contextmanager
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def _unfrozen(self: Tele_co) -> Iterator[Tele_co]:
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"""Context manager to temporarily unfreeze the object. For internal use only.
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Note:
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with to._unfrozen() as other_to:
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assert to is other_to
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"""
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self._unfreeze()
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yield self
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self._freeze()
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def _freeze(self) -> None:
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self._frozen = True
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def _unfreeze(self) -> None:
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self._frozen = False
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|
def _apply_api_kwargs(self, api_kwargs: JSONDict) -> None:
|
|
"""Loops through the api kwargs and for every key that exists as attribute of the
|
|
object (and is None), it moves the value from `api_kwargs` to the attribute.
|
|
*Edits `api_kwargs` in place!*
|
|
|
|
This method is currently only called in the unpickling process, i.e. not on "normal" init.
|
|
This is because
|
|
* automating this is tricky to get right: It should be called at the *end* of the __init__,
|
|
preferably only once at the end of the __init__ of the last child class. This could be
|
|
done via __init_subclass__, but it's hard to not destroy the signature of __init__ in the
|
|
process.
|
|
* calling it manually in every __init__ is tedious
|
|
* There probably is no use case for it anyway. If you manually initialize a TO subclass,
|
|
then you can pass everything as proper argument.
|
|
"""
|
|
# we convert to list to ensure that the list doesn't change length while we loop
|
|
for key in list(api_kwargs.keys()):
|
|
# property attributes are not settable, so we need to set the private attribute
|
|
if isinstance(getattr(self.__class__, key, None), property):
|
|
# if setattr fails, we'll just leave the value in api_kwargs:
|
|
with contextlib.suppress(AttributeError):
|
|
setattr(self, f"_{key}", api_kwargs.pop(key))
|
|
elif getattr(self, key, True) is None:
|
|
setattr(self, key, api_kwargs.pop(key))
|
|
|
|
def _get_attrs_names(self, include_private: bool) -> Iterator[str]:
|
|
"""
|
|
Returns the names of the attributes of this object. This is used to determine which
|
|
attributes should be serialized when pickling the object.
|
|
|
|
Args:
|
|
include_private (:obj:`bool`): Whether to include private attributes.
|
|
|
|
Returns:
|
|
Iterator[:obj:`str`]: An iterator over the names of the attributes of this object.
|
|
"""
|
|
# We want to get all attributes for the class, using self.__slots__ only includes the
|
|
# attributes used by that class itself, and not its superclass(es). Hence, we get its MRO
|
|
# and then get their attributes. The `[:-1]` slice excludes the `object` class
|
|
all_slots = (s for c in self.__class__.__mro__[:-1] for s in c.__slots__) # type: ignore
|
|
# chain the class's slots with the user defined subclass __dict__ (class has no slots)
|
|
all_attrs = (
|
|
chain(all_slots, self.__dict__.keys()) if hasattr(self, "__dict__") else all_slots
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
if include_private:
|
|
return all_attrs
|
|
return (attr for attr in all_attrs if not attr.startswith("_"))
|
|
|
|
def _get_attrs(
|
|
self,
|
|
include_private: bool = False,
|
|
recursive: bool = False,
|
|
remove_bot: bool = False,
|
|
convert_default_vault: bool = True,
|
|
) -> dict[str, Union[str, object]]:
|
|
"""This method is used for obtaining the attributes of the object.
|
|
|
|
Args:
|
|
include_private (:obj:`bool`): Whether the result should include private variables.
|
|
recursive (:obj:`bool`): If :obj:`True`, will convert any ``TelegramObjects`` (if
|
|
found) in the attributes to a dictionary. Else, preserves it as an object itself.
|
|
remove_bot (:obj:`bool`): Whether the bot should be included in the result.
|
|
convert_default_vault (:obj:`bool`): Whether :class:`telegram.DefaultValue` should be
|
|
converted to its true value. This is necessary when converting to a dictionary for
|
|
end users since DefaultValue is used in some classes that work with
|
|
`tg.ext.defaults` (like `LinkPreviewOptions`)
|
|
|
|
Returns:
|
|
:obj:`dict`: A dict where the keys are attribute names and values are their values.
|
|
"""
|
|
data = {}
|
|
|
|
for key in self._get_attrs_names(include_private=include_private):
|
|
value = (
|
|
DefaultValue.get_value(getattr(self, key, None))
|
|
if convert_default_vault
|
|
else getattr(self, key, None)
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
if value is not None:
|
|
if recursive and hasattr(value, "to_dict"):
|
|
data[key] = value.to_dict(recursive=True)
|
|
else:
|
|
data[key] = value
|
|
elif not recursive:
|
|
data[key] = value
|
|
|
|
if recursive and data.get("from_user"):
|
|
data["from"] = data.pop("from_user", None)
|
|
if remove_bot:
|
|
data.pop("_bot", None)
|
|
return data
|
|
|
|
def to_json(self) -> str:
|
|
"""Gives a JSON representation of object.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 20.0
|
|
Now includes all entries of :attr:`api_kwargs`.
|
|
|
|
Returns:
|
|
:obj:`str`
|
|
"""
|
|
return json.dumps(self.to_dict())
|
|
|
|
def to_dict(self, recursive: bool = True) -> JSONDict:
|
|
"""Gives representation of object as :obj:`dict`.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 20.0
|
|
|
|
* Now includes all entries of :attr:`api_kwargs`.
|
|
* Attributes whose values are empty sequences are no longer included.
|
|
|
|
Args:
|
|
recursive (:obj:`bool`, optional): If :obj:`True`, will convert any TelegramObjects
|
|
(if found) in the attributes to a dictionary. Else, preserves it as an object
|
|
itself. Defaults to :obj:`True`.
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded:: 20.0
|
|
|
|
Returns:
|
|
:obj:`dict`
|
|
"""
|
|
out = self._get_attrs(recursive=recursive)
|
|
|
|
# Now we should convert TGObjects to dicts inside objects such as sequences, and convert
|
|
# datetimes to timestamps. This mostly eliminates the need for subclasses to override
|
|
# `to_dict`
|
|
pop_keys: set[str] = set()
|
|
for key, value in out.items():
|
|
if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
|
|
if not value:
|
|
# not popping directly to avoid changing the dict size during iteration
|
|
pop_keys.add(key)
|
|
continue
|
|
|
|
val = [] # empty list to append our converted values to
|
|
for item in value:
|
|
if hasattr(item, "to_dict"):
|
|
val.append(item.to_dict(recursive=recursive))
|
|
# This branch is useful for e.g. tuple[tuple[PhotoSize|KeyboardButton]]
|
|
elif isinstance(item, (tuple, list)):
|
|
val.append(
|
|
[
|
|
i.to_dict(recursive=recursive) if hasattr(i, "to_dict") else i
|
|
for i in item
|
|
]
|
|
)
|
|
else: # if it's not a TGObject, just append it. E.g. [TGObject, 2]
|
|
val.append(item)
|
|
out[key] = val
|
|
|
|
elif isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
|
|
out[key] = to_timestamp(value)
|
|
elif isinstance(value, datetime.timedelta):
|
|
out[key] = value.total_seconds()
|
|
|
|
for key in pop_keys:
|
|
out.pop(key)
|
|
|
|
# Effectively "unpack" api_kwargs into `out`:
|
|
out.update(out.pop("api_kwargs", {})) # type: ignore[call-overload]
|
|
return out
|
|
|
|
def get_bot(self) -> "Bot":
|
|
"""Returns the :class:`telegram.Bot` instance associated with this object.
|
|
|
|
.. seealso:: :meth:`set_bot`
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded: 20.0
|
|
|
|
Raises:
|
|
RuntimeError: If no :class:`telegram.Bot` instance was set for this object.
|
|
"""
|
|
if self._bot is None:
|
|
raise RuntimeError(
|
|
"This object has no bot associated with it. Shortcuts cannot be used."
|
|
)
|
|
return self._bot
|
|
|
|
def set_bot(self, bot: Optional["Bot"]) -> None:
|
|
"""Sets the :class:`telegram.Bot` instance associated with this object.
|
|
|
|
.. seealso:: :meth:`get_bot`
|
|
|
|
.. versionadded: 20.0
|
|
|
|
Arguments:
|
|
bot (:class:`telegram.Bot` | :obj:`None`): The bot instance.
|
|
"""
|
|
self._bot = bot
|