python-telegram-bot/telegram/request/_baserequest.py

#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# A library that provides a Python interface to the Telegram Bot API
# Copyright (C) 2015-2023
# Leandro Toledo de Souza <devs@python-telegram-bot.org>
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU Lesser Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/].
"""This module contains an abstract class to make POST and GET requests."""
import abc
import json
from http import HTTPStatus
from types import TracebackType
from typing import AsyncContextManager, Final, List, Optional, Tuple, Type, TypeVar, Union, final

from telegram._utils.defaultvalue import DEFAULT_NONE as _DEFAULT_NONE
from telegram._utils.defaultvalue import DefaultValue
from telegram._utils.logging import get_logger
from telegram._utils.types import JSONDict, ODVInput
from telegram._version import __version__ as ptb_ver
from telegram.error import (
    BadRequest,
    ChatMigrated,
    Conflict,
    Forbidden,
    InvalidToken,
    NetworkError,
    RetryAfter,
    TelegramError,
)
from telegram.request._requestdata import RequestData

RT = TypeVar("RT", bound="BaseRequest")

_LOGGER = get_logger(__name__, class_name="BaseRequest")


class BaseRequest(
    AsyncContextManager["BaseRequest"],
    abc.ABC,
):
    """Abstract interface class that allows python-telegram-bot to make requests to the Bot API.
    Can be implemented via different asyncio HTTP libraries. An implementation of this class
    must implement all abstract methods and properties.

    Instances of this class can be used as asyncio context managers, where

    .. code:: python

        async with request_object:
            # code

    is roughly equivalent to

    .. code:: python

        try:
            await request_object.initialize()
            # code
        finally:
            await request_object.shutdown()

    .. seealso:: :meth:`__aenter__` and :meth:`__aexit__`.

    Tip:
        JSON encoding and decoding is done with the standard library's :mod:`json` by default.
        To use a custom library for this, you can override :meth:`parse_json_payload` and implement
        custom logic to encode the keys of :attr:`telegram.request.RequestData.parameters`.

    .. seealso:: :wiki:`Architecture Overview <Architecture>`,
        :wiki:`Builder Pattern <Builder-Pattern>`

    .. versionadded:: 20.0
    """

    __slots__ = ()

    USER_AGENT: Final[str] = f"python-telegram-bot v{ptb_ver} (https://python-telegram-bot.org)"
    """:obj:`str`: A description that can be used as user agent for requests made to the Bot API.
    """
    DEFAULT_NONE: Final[DefaultValue[None]] = _DEFAULT_NONE
    """:class:`object`: A special object that indicates that an argument of a function was not
    explicitly passed. Used for the timeout parameters of :meth:`post` and :meth:`do_request`.

    Example:
        When calling ``request.post(url)``, ``request`` should use the default timeouts set on
        initialization. When calling ``request.post(url, connect_timeout=5, read_timeout=None)``,
        ``request`` should use ``5`` for the connect timeout and :obj:`None` for the read timeout.

        Use ``if parameter is (not) BaseRequest.DEFAULT_NONE:`` to check if the parameter was set.
    """

    async def __aenter__(self: RT) -> RT:
        """|async_context_manager| :meth:`initializes <initialize>` the Request.

        Returns:
            The initialized Request instance.

        Raises:
            :exc:`Exception`: If an exception is raised during initialization, :meth:`shutdown`
                is called in this case.
        """
        try:
            await self.initialize()
            return self
        except Exception as exc:
            await self.shutdown()
            raise exc

    async def __aexit__(
        self,
        exc_type: Optional[Type[BaseException]],
        exc_val: Optional[BaseException],
        exc_tb: Optional[TracebackType],
    ) -> None:
        """|async_context_manager| :meth:`shuts down <shutdown>` the Request."""
        # Make sure not to return `True` so that exceptions are not suppressed
        # https://docs.python.org/3/reference/datamodel.html?#object.__aexit__
        await self.shutdown()

    @abc.abstractmethod
    async def initialize(self) -> None:
        """Initialize resources used by this class. Must be implemented by a subclass."""

    @abc.abstractmethod
    async def shutdown(self) -> None:
        """Stop & clear resources used by this class. Must be implemented by a subclass."""

    @final
    async def post(
        self,
        url: str,
        request_data: Optional[RequestData] = None,
        read_timeout: ODVInput[float] = DEFAULT_NONE,
        write_timeout: ODVInput[float] = DEFAULT_NONE,
        connect_timeout: ODVInput[float] = DEFAULT_NONE,
        pool_timeout: ODVInput[float] = DEFAULT_NONE,
    ) -> Union[JSONDict, List[JSONDict], bool]:
        """Makes a request to the Bot API handles the return code and parses the answer.

        Warning:
            This method will be called by the methods of :class:`telegram.Bot` and should *not* be
            called manually.

        Args:
            url (:obj:`str`): The URL to request.
            request_data (:class:`telegram.request.RequestData`, optional): An object containing
                information about parameters and files to upload for the request.
            read_timeout (:obj:`float` | :obj:`None`, optional): If passed, specifies the maximum
                amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a response from Telegram's server instead
                of the time specified during creating of this object. Defaults to
                :attr:`DEFAULT_NONE`.
            write_timeout (:obj:`float` | :obj:`None`, optional): If passed, specifies the maximum
                amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a write operation to complete (in terms of
                a network socket; i.e. POSTing a request or uploading a file) instead of the time
                specified during creating of this object. Defaults to :attr:`DEFAULT_NONE`.
            connect_timeout (:obj:`float` | :obj:`None`, optional): If passed, specifies the
                maximum amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection attempt to a server
                to succeed instead of the time specified during creating of this object. Defaults
                to :attr:`DEFAULT_NONE`.
            pool_timeout (:obj:`float` | :obj:`None`, optional): If passed, specifies the maximum
                amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection to become available instead
                of the time specified during creating of this object. Defaults to
                :attr:`DEFAULT_NONE`.

        Returns:
          The JSON response of the Bot API.

        """
        result = await self._request_wrapper(
            url=url,
            method="POST",
            request_data=request_data,
            read_timeout=read_timeout,
            write_timeout=write_timeout,
            connect_timeout=connect_timeout,
            pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
        )
        json_data = self.parse_json_payload(result)
        # For successful requests, the results are in the 'result' entry
        # see https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#making-requests
        return json_data["result"]

    @final
    async def retrieve(
        self,
        url: str,
        read_timeout: ODVInput[float] = DEFAULT_NONE,
        write_timeout: ODVInput[float] = DEFAULT_NONE,
        connect_timeout: ODVInput[float] = DEFAULT_NONE,
        pool_timeout: ODVInput[float] = DEFAULT_NONE,
    ) -> bytes:
        """Retrieve the contents of a file by its URL.

        Warning:
            This method will be called by the methods of :class:`telegram.Bot` and should *not* be
            called manually.

        Args:
            url (:obj:`str`): The web location we want to retrieve.
            read_timeout (:obj:`float` | :obj:`None`, optional): If passed, specifies the maximum
                amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a response from Telegram's server instead
                of the time specified during creating of this object. Defaults to
                :attr:`DEFAULT_NONE`.
            write_timeout (:obj:`float` | :obj:`None`, optional): If passed, specifies the maximum
                amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a write operation to complete (in terms of
                a network socket; i.e. POSTing a request or uploading a file) instead of the time
                specified during creating of this object. Defaults to :attr:`DEFAULT_NONE`.
            connect_timeout (:obj:`float` | :obj:`None`, optional): If passed, specifies the
                maximum amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection attempt to a server
                to succeed instead of the time specified during creating of this object. Defaults
                to :attr:`DEFAULT_NONE`.
            pool_timeout (:obj:`float` | :obj:`None`, optional): If passed, specifies the maximum
                amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection to become available instead
                of the time specified during creating of this object. Defaults to
                :attr:`DEFAULT_NONE`.

        Returns:
            :obj:`bytes`: The files contents.

        """
        return await self._request_wrapper(
            url=url,
            method="GET",
            read_timeout=read_timeout,
            write_timeout=write_timeout,
            connect_timeout=connect_timeout,
            pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
        )

    async def _request_wrapper(
        self,
        url: str,
        method: str,
        request_data: Optional[RequestData] = None,
        read_timeout: ODVInput[float] = DEFAULT_NONE,
        write_timeout: ODVInput[float] = DEFAULT_NONE,
        connect_timeout: ODVInput[float] = DEFAULT_NONE,
        pool_timeout: ODVInput[float] = DEFAULT_NONE,
    ) -> bytes:
        """Wraps the real implementation request method.

        Performs the following tasks:
        * Handle the various HTTP response codes.
        * Parse the Telegram server response.

        Args:
            url (:obj:`str`): The URL to request.
            method (:obj:`str`): HTTP method (i.e. 'POST', 'GET', etc.).
            request_data (:class:`telegram.request.RequestData`, optional): An object containing
                information about parameters and files to upload for the request.
            read_timeout (:obj:`float` | :obj:`None`, optional): If passed, specifies the maximum
                amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a response from Telegram's server instead
                of the time specified during creating of this object. Defaults to
                :attr:`DEFAULT_NONE`.
            write_timeout (:obj:`float` | :obj:`None`, optional): If passed, specifies the maximum
                amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a write operation to complete (in terms of
                a network socket; i.e. POSTing a request or uploading a file) instead of the time
                specified during creating of this object. Defaults to :attr:`DEFAULT_NONE`.
            connect_timeout (:obj:`float` | :obj:`None`, optional): If passed, specifies the
                maximum amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection attempt to a server
                to succeed instead of the time specified during creating of this object. Defaults
                to :attr:`DEFAULT_NONE`.
            pool_timeout (:obj:`float` | :obj:`None`, optional): If passed, specifies the maximum
                amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection to become available instead
                of the time specified during creating of this object. Defaults to
                :attr:`DEFAULT_NONE`.

        Returns:
            bytes: The payload part of the HTTP server response.

        Raises:
            TelegramError

        """
        # TGs response also has the fields 'ok' and 'error_code'.
        # However, we rather rely on the HTTP status code for now.

        try:
            code, payload = await self.do_request(
                url=url,
                method=method,
                request_data=request_data,
                read_timeout=read_timeout,
                write_timeout=write_timeout,
                connect_timeout=connect_timeout,
                pool_timeout=pool_timeout,
            )
        except TelegramError as exc:
            raise exc
        except Exception as exc:
            raise NetworkError(f"Unknown error in HTTP implementation: {exc!r}") from exc

        if HTTPStatus.OK <= code <= 299:
            # 200-299 range are HTTP success statuses
            return payload

        response_data = self.parse_json_payload(payload)

        description = response_data.get("description")
        message = description if description else "Unknown HTTPError"

        # In some special cases, we can raise more informative exceptions:
        # see https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#responseparameters and
        # https://core.telegram.org/bots/api#making-requests
        parameters = response_data.get("parameters")
        if parameters:
            migrate_to_chat_id = parameters.get("migrate_to_chat_id")
            if migrate_to_chat_id:
                raise ChatMigrated(migrate_to_chat_id)
            retry_after = parameters.get("retry_after")
            if retry_after:
                raise RetryAfter(retry_after)

            message += f"\nThe server response contained unknown parameters: {parameters}"

        if code == HTTPStatus.FORBIDDEN:  # 403
            raise Forbidden(message)
        if code in (HTTPStatus.NOT_FOUND, HTTPStatus.UNAUTHORIZED):  # 404 and 401
            # TG returns 404 Not found for
            #   1) malformed tokens
            #   2) correct tokens but non-existing method, e.g. api.tg.org/botTOKEN/unkonwnMethod
            # We can basically rule out 2) since we don't let users make requests manually
            # TG returns 401 Unauthorized for correctly formatted tokens that are not valid
            raise InvalidToken(message)
        if code == HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST:  # 400
            raise BadRequest(message)
        if code == HTTPStatus.CONFLICT:  # 409
            raise Conflict(message)
        if code == HTTPStatus.BAD_GATEWAY:  # 502
            raise NetworkError(description or "Bad Gateway")
        raise NetworkError(f"{message} ({code})")

    @staticmethod
    def parse_json_payload(payload: bytes) -> JSONDict:
        """Parse the JSON returned from Telegram.

        Tip:
            By default, this method uses the standard library's :func:`json.loads` and
            ``errors="replace"`` in :meth:`bytes.decode`.
            You can override it to customize either of these behaviors.

        Args:
            payload (:obj:`bytes`): The UTF-8 encoded JSON payload as returned by Telegram.

        Returns:
            dict: A JSON parsed as Python dict with results.

        Raises:
            TelegramError: If loading the JSON data failed
        """
        decoded_s = payload.decode("utf-8", "replace")
        try:
            return json.loads(decoded_s)
        except ValueError as exc:
            _LOGGER.error('Can not load invalid JSON data: "%s"', decoded_s)
            raise TelegramError("Invalid server response") from exc

    @abc.abstractmethod
    async def do_request(
        self,
        url: str,
        method: str,
        request_data: Optional[RequestData] = None,
        read_timeout: ODVInput[float] = DEFAULT_NONE,
        write_timeout: ODVInput[float] = DEFAULT_NONE,
        connect_timeout: ODVInput[float] = DEFAULT_NONE,
        pool_timeout: ODVInput[float] = DEFAULT_NONE,
    ) -> Tuple[int, bytes]:
        """Makes a request to the Bot API. Must be implemented by a subclass.

        Warning:
            This method will be called by :meth:`post` and :meth:`retrieve`. It should *not* be
            called manually.

        Args:
            url (:obj:`str`): The URL to request.
            method (:obj:`str`): HTTP method (i.e. ``'POST'``, ``'GET'``, etc.).
            request_data (:class:`telegram.request.RequestData`, optional): An object containing
                information about parameters and files to upload for the request.
            read_timeout (:obj:`float` | :obj:`None`, optional): If passed, specifies the maximum
                amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a response from Telegram's server instead
                of the time specified during creating of this object. Defaults to
                :attr:`DEFAULT_NONE`.
            write_timeout (:obj:`float` | :obj:`None`, optional): If passed, specifies the maximum
                amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a write operation to complete (in terms of
                a network socket; i.e. POSTing a request or uploading a file) instead of the time
                specified during creating of this object. Defaults to :attr:`DEFAULT_NONE`.
            connect_timeout (:obj:`float` | :obj:`None`, optional): If passed, specifies the
                maximum amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection attempt to a server
                to succeed instead of the time specified during creating of this object. Defaults
                to :attr:`DEFAULT_NONE`.
            pool_timeout (:obj:`float` | :obj:`None`, optional): If passed, specifies the maximum
                amount of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection to become available instead
                of the time specified during creating of this object. Defaults to
                :attr:`DEFAULT_NONE`.

        Returns:
            Tuple[:obj:`int`, :obj:`bytes`]: The HTTP return code & the payload part of the server
            response.
        """