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python-telegram-bot/telegram/ext/updater.py
Bibo-Joshi 58b9882021
Use F-Strings Where Possible (#2222)
2020-11-23 22:09:29 +01:00

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#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# A library that provides a Python interface to the Telegram Bot API
# Copyright (C) 2015-2020
# Leandro Toledo de Souza <devs@python-telegram-bot.org>
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU Lesser Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU Lesser Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser Public License
# along with this program. If not, see [http://www.gnu.org/licenses/].
"""This module contains the class Updater, which tries to make creating Telegram bots intuitive."""
import logging
import ssl
import warnings
from queue import Queue
from signal import SIGABRT, SIGINT, SIGTERM, signal
from threading import Event, Lock, Thread, current_thread
from time import sleep
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union, no_type_check
from telegram import Bot, TelegramError
from telegram.error import InvalidToken, RetryAfter, TimedOut, Unauthorized
from telegram.ext import Dispatcher, JobQueue
from telegram.utils.deprecate import TelegramDeprecationWarning
from telegram.utils.helpers import get_signal_name
from telegram.utils.request import Request
from telegram.utils.webhookhandler import WebhookAppClass, WebhookServer
if TYPE_CHECKING:
from telegram.ext import BasePersistence, Defaults
class Updater:
"""
This class, which employs the :class:`telegram.ext.Dispatcher`, provides a frontend to
:class:`telegram.Bot` to the programmer, so they can focus on coding the bot. Its purpose is to
receive the updates from Telegram and to deliver them to said dispatcher. It also runs in a
separate thread, so the user can interact with the bot, for example on the command line. The
dispatcher supports handlers for different kinds of data: Updates from Telegram, basic text
commands and even arbitrary types. The updater can be started as a polling service or, for
production, use a webhook to receive updates. This is achieved using the WebhookServer and
WebhookHandler classes.
Attributes:
bot (:class:`telegram.Bot`): The bot used with this Updater.
user_sig_handler (:obj:`function`): Optional. Function to be called when a signal is
received.
update_queue (:obj:`Queue`): Queue for the updates.
job_queue (:class:`telegram.ext.JobQueue`): Jobqueue for the updater.
dispatcher (:class:`telegram.ext.Dispatcher`): Dispatcher that handles the updates and
dispatches them to the handlers.
running (:obj:`bool`): Indicates if the updater is running.
persistence (:class:`telegram.ext.BasePersistence`): Optional. The persistence class to
store data that should be persistent over restarts.
use_context (:obj:`bool`): Optional. :obj:`True` if using context based callbacks.
Args:
token (:obj:`str`, optional): The bot's token given by the @BotFather.
base_url (:obj:`str`, optional): Base_url for the bot.
base_file_url (:obj:`str`, optional): Base_file_url for the bot.
workers (:obj:`int`, optional): Amount of threads in the thread pool for functions
decorated with ``@run_async`` (ignored if `dispatcher` argument is used).
bot (:class:`telegram.Bot`, optional): A pre-initialized bot instance (ignored if
`dispatcher` argument is used). If a pre-initialized bot is used, it is the user's
responsibility to create it using a `Request` instance with a large enough connection
pool.
dispatcher (:class:`telegram.ext.Dispatcher`, optional): A pre-initialized dispatcher
instance. If a pre-initialized dispatcher is used, it is the user's responsibility to
create it with proper arguments.
private_key (:obj:`bytes`, optional): Private key for decryption of telegram passport data.
private_key_password (:obj:`bytes`, optional): Password for above private key.
user_sig_handler (:obj:`function`, optional): Takes ``signum, frame`` as positional
arguments. This will be called when a signal is received, defaults are (SIGINT,
SIGTERM, SIGABRT) settable with :attr:`idle`.
request_kwargs (:obj:`dict`, optional): Keyword args to control the creation of a
`telegram.utils.request.Request` object (ignored if `bot` or `dispatcher` argument is
used). The request_kwargs are very useful for the advanced users who would like to
control the default timeouts and/or control the proxy used for http communication.
use_context (:obj:`bool`, optional): If set to :obj:`True` uses the context based callback
API (ignored if `dispatcher` argument is used). Defaults to :obj:`True`.
**New users**: set this to :obj:`True`.
persistence (:class:`telegram.ext.BasePersistence`, optional): The persistence class to
store data that should be persistent over restarts (ignored if `dispatcher` argument is
used).
defaults (:class:`telegram.ext.Defaults`, optional): An object containing default values to
be used if not set explicitly in the bot methods.
Note:
* You must supply either a :attr:`bot` or a :attr:`token` argument.
* If you supply a :attr:`bot`, you will need to pass :attr:`defaults` to *both* the bot and
the :class:`telegram.ext.Updater`.
Raises:
ValueError: If both :attr:`token` and :attr:`bot` are passed or none of them.
"""
_request = None
def __init__(
self,
token: str = None,
base_url: str = None,
workers: int = 4,
bot: Bot = None,
private_key: bytes = None,
private_key_password: bytes = None,
user_sig_handler: Callable = None,
request_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = None,
persistence: 'BasePersistence' = None,
defaults: 'Defaults' = None,
use_context: bool = True,
dispatcher: Dispatcher = None,
base_file_url: str = None,
):
if defaults and bot:
warnings.warn(
'Passing defaults to an Updater has no effect when a Bot is passed '
'as well. Pass them to the Bot instead.',
TelegramDeprecationWarning,
stacklevel=2,
)
if dispatcher is None:
if (token is None) and (bot is None):
raise ValueError('`token` or `bot` must be passed')
if (token is not None) and (bot is not None):
raise ValueError('`token` and `bot` are mutually exclusive')
if (private_key is not None) and (bot is not None):
raise ValueError('`bot` and `private_key` are mutually exclusive')
else:
if bot is not None:
raise ValueError('`dispatcher` and `bot` are mutually exclusive')
if persistence is not None:
raise ValueError('`dispatcher` and `persistence` are mutually exclusive')
if workers is not None:
raise ValueError('`dispatcher` and `workers` are mutually exclusive')
if use_context != dispatcher.use_context:
raise ValueError('`dispatcher` and `use_context` are mutually exclusive')
self.logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
if dispatcher is None:
con_pool_size = workers + 4
if bot is not None:
self.bot = bot
if bot.request.con_pool_size < con_pool_size:
self.logger.warning(
'Connection pool of Request object is smaller than optimal value (%s)',
con_pool_size,
)
else:
# we need a connection pool the size of:
# * for each of the workers
# * 1 for Dispatcher
# * 1 for polling Updater (even if webhook is used, we can spare a connection)
# * 1 for JobQueue
# * 1 for main thread
if request_kwargs is None:
request_kwargs = {}
if 'con_pool_size' not in request_kwargs:
request_kwargs['con_pool_size'] = con_pool_size
self._request = Request(**request_kwargs)
self.bot = Bot(
token, # type: ignore[arg-type]
base_url,
base_file_url=base_file_url,
request=self._request,
private_key=private_key,
private_key_password=private_key_password,
defaults=defaults,
)
self.update_queue: Queue = Queue()
self.job_queue = JobQueue()
self.__exception_event = Event()
self.persistence = persistence
self.dispatcher = Dispatcher(
self.bot,
self.update_queue,
job_queue=self.job_queue,
workers=workers,
exception_event=self.__exception_event,
persistence=persistence,
use_context=use_context,
)
self.job_queue.set_dispatcher(self.dispatcher)
else:
con_pool_size = dispatcher.workers + 4
self.bot = dispatcher.bot
if self.bot.request.con_pool_size < con_pool_size:
self.logger.warning(
'Connection pool of Request object is smaller than optimal value (%s)',
con_pool_size,
)
self.update_queue = dispatcher.update_queue
self.__exception_event = dispatcher.exception_event
self.persistence = dispatcher.persistence
self.job_queue = dispatcher.job_queue
self.dispatcher = dispatcher
self.user_sig_handler = user_sig_handler
self.last_update_id = 0
self.running = False
self.is_idle = False
self.httpd = None
self.__lock = Lock()
self.__threads: List[Thread] = []
def _init_thread(self, target: Callable, name: str, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
thr = Thread(
target=self._thread_wrapper,
name=f"Bot:{self.bot.id}:{name}",
args=(target,) + args,
kwargs=kwargs,
)
thr.start()
self.__threads.append(thr)
def _thread_wrapper(self, target: Callable, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
thr_name = current_thread().name
self.logger.debug('%s - started', thr_name)
try:
target(*args, **kwargs)
except Exception:
self.__exception_event.set()
self.logger.exception('unhandled exception in %s', thr_name)
raise
self.logger.debug('%s - ended', thr_name)
def start_polling(
self,
poll_interval: float = 0.0,
timeout: float = 10,
clean: bool = False,
bootstrap_retries: int = -1,
read_latency: float = 2.0,
allowed_updates: List[str] = None,
) -> Optional[Queue]:
"""Starts polling updates from Telegram.
Args:
poll_interval (:obj:`float`, optional): Time to wait between polling updates from
Telegram in seconds. Default is 0.0.
timeout (:obj:`float`, optional): Passed to :attr:`telegram.Bot.get_updates`.
clean (:obj:`bool`, optional): Whether to clean any pending updates on Telegram servers
before actually starting to poll. Default is :obj:`False`.
bootstrap_retries (:obj:`int`, optional): Whether the bootstrapping phase of the
`Updater` will retry on failures on the Telegram server.
* < 0 - retry indefinitely (default)
* 0 - no retries
* > 0 - retry up to X times
allowed_updates (List[:obj:`str`], optional): Passed to
:attr:`telegram.Bot.get_updates`.
read_latency (:obj:`float` | :obj:`int`, optional): Grace time in seconds for receiving
the reply from server. Will be added to the `timeout` value and used as the read
timeout from server (Default: 2).
Returns:
:obj:`Queue`: The update queue that can be filled from the main thread.
"""
with self.__lock:
if not self.running:
self.running = True
# Create & start threads
self.job_queue.start()
dispatcher_ready = Event()
polling_ready = Event()
self._init_thread(self.dispatcher.start, "dispatcher", ready=dispatcher_ready)
self._init_thread(
self._start_polling,
"updater",
poll_interval,
timeout,
read_latency,
bootstrap_retries,
clean,
allowed_updates,
ready=polling_ready,
)
self.logger.debug('Waiting for Dispatcher and polling to start')
dispatcher_ready.wait()
polling_ready.wait()
# Return the update queue so the main thread can insert updates
return self.update_queue
return None
def start_webhook(
self,
listen: str = '127.0.0.1',
port: int = 80,
url_path: str = '',
cert: str = None,
key: str = None,
clean: bool = False,
bootstrap_retries: int = 0,
webhook_url: str = None,
allowed_updates: List[str] = None,
force_event_loop: bool = False,
) -> Optional[Queue]:
"""
Starts a small http server to listen for updates via webhook. If cert
and key are not provided, the webhook will be started directly on
http://listen:port/url_path, so SSL can be handled by another
application. Else, the webhook will be started on
https://listen:port/url_path
Note:
Due to an incompatibility of the Tornado library PTB uses for the webhook with Python
3.8+ on Windows machines, PTB will attempt to set the event loop to
:attr:`asyncio.SelectorEventLoop` and raise an exception, if an incompatible event loop
has already been specified. See this `thread`_ for more details. To suppress the
exception, set :attr:`force_event_loop` to :obj:`True`.
.. _thread: https://github.com/tornadoweb/tornado/issues/2608
Args:
listen (:obj:`str`, optional): IP-Address to listen on. Default ``127.0.0.1``.
port (:obj:`int`, optional): Port the bot should be listening on. Default ``80``.
url_path (:obj:`str`, optional): Path inside url.
cert (:obj:`str`, optional): Path to the SSL certificate file.
key (:obj:`str`, optional): Path to the SSL key file.
clean (:obj:`bool`, optional): Whether to clean any pending updates on Telegram servers
before actually starting the webhook. Default is :obj:`False`.
bootstrap_retries (:obj:`int`, optional): Whether the bootstrapping phase of the
`Updater` will retry on failures on the Telegram server.
* < 0 - retry indefinitely (default)
* 0 - no retries
* > 0 - retry up to X times
webhook_url (:obj:`str`, optional): Explicitly specify the webhook url. Useful behind
NAT, reverse proxy, etc. Default is derived from `listen`, `port` & `url_path`.
allowed_updates (List[:obj:`str`], optional): Passed to
:attr:`telegram.Bot.set_webhook`.
force_event_loop (:obj:`bool`, optional): Force using the current event loop. See above
note for details. Defaults to :obj:`False`
Returns:
:obj:`Queue`: The update queue that can be filled from the main thread.
"""
with self.__lock:
if not self.running:
self.running = True
# Create & start threads
webhook_ready = Event()
dispatcher_ready = Event()
self.job_queue.start()
self._init_thread(self.dispatcher.start, "dispatcher", dispatcher_ready)
self._init_thread(
self._start_webhook,
"updater",
listen,
port,
url_path,
cert,
key,
bootstrap_retries,
clean,
webhook_url,
allowed_updates,
ready=webhook_ready,
force_event_loop=force_event_loop,
)
self.logger.debug('Waiting for Dispatcher and Webhook to start')
webhook_ready.wait()
dispatcher_ready.wait()
# Return the update queue so the main thread can insert updates
return self.update_queue
return None
@no_type_check
def _start_polling(
self,
poll_interval,
timeout,
read_latency,
bootstrap_retries,
clean,
allowed_updates,
ready=None,
): # pragma: no cover
# Thread target of thread 'updater'. Runs in background, pulls
# updates from Telegram and inserts them in the update queue of the
# Dispatcher.
self.logger.debug('Updater thread started (polling)')
self._bootstrap(bootstrap_retries, clean=clean, webhook_url='', allowed_updates=None)
self.logger.debug('Bootstrap done')
def polling_action_cb():
updates = self.bot.get_updates(
self.last_update_id,
timeout=timeout,
read_latency=read_latency,
allowed_updates=allowed_updates,
)
if updates:
if not self.running:
self.logger.debug('Updates ignored and will be pulled again on restart')
else:
for update in updates:
self.update_queue.put(update)
self.last_update_id = updates[-1].update_id + 1
return True
def polling_onerr_cb(exc):
# Put the error into the update queue and let the Dispatcher
# broadcast it
self.update_queue.put(exc)
if ready is not None:
ready.set()
self._network_loop_retry(
polling_action_cb, polling_onerr_cb, 'getting Updates', poll_interval
)
@no_type_check
def _network_loop_retry(self, action_cb, onerr_cb, description, interval):
"""Perform a loop calling `action_cb`, retrying after network errors.
Stop condition for loop: `self.running` evaluates :obj:`False` or return value of
`action_cb` evaluates :obj:`False`.
Args:
action_cb (:obj:`callable`): Network oriented callback function to call.
onerr_cb (:obj:`callable`): Callback to call when TelegramError is caught. Receives the
exception object as a parameter.
description (:obj:`str`): Description text to use for logs and exception raised.
interval (:obj:`float` | :obj:`int`): Interval to sleep between each call to
`action_cb`.
"""
self.logger.debug('Start network loop retry %s', description)
cur_interval = interval
while self.running:
try:
if not action_cb():
break
except RetryAfter as exc:
self.logger.info('%s', exc)
cur_interval = 0.5 + exc.retry_after
except TimedOut as toe:
self.logger.debug('Timed out %s: %s', description, toe)
# If failure is due to timeout, we should retry asap.
cur_interval = 0
except InvalidToken as pex:
self.logger.error('Invalid token; aborting')
raise pex
except TelegramError as telegram_exc:
self.logger.error('Error while %s: %s', description, telegram_exc)
onerr_cb(telegram_exc)
cur_interval = self._increase_poll_interval(cur_interval)
else:
cur_interval = interval
if cur_interval:
sleep(cur_interval)
@staticmethod
def _increase_poll_interval(current_interval: float) -> float:
# increase waiting times on subsequent errors up to 30secs
if current_interval == 0:
current_interval = 1
elif current_interval < 30:
current_interval += current_interval / 2
elif current_interval > 30:
current_interval = 30
return current_interval
@no_type_check
def _start_webhook(
self,
listen,
port,
url_path,
cert,
key,
bootstrap_retries,
clean,
webhook_url,
allowed_updates,
ready=None,
force_event_loop=False,
):
self.logger.debug('Updater thread started (webhook)')
use_ssl = cert is not None and key is not None
if not url_path.startswith('/'):
url_path = f'/{url_path}'
# Create Tornado app instance
app = WebhookAppClass(url_path, self.bot, self.update_queue)
# Form SSL Context
# An SSLError is raised if the private key does not match with the certificate
if use_ssl:
try:
ssl_ctx = ssl.create_default_context(ssl.Purpose.CLIENT_AUTH)
ssl_ctx.load_cert_chain(cert, key)
except ssl.SSLError as exc:
raise TelegramError('Invalid SSL Certificate') from exc
else:
ssl_ctx = None
# Create and start server
self.httpd = WebhookServer(listen, port, app, ssl_ctx)
if use_ssl:
# DO NOT CHANGE: Only set webhook if SSL is handled by library
if not webhook_url:
webhook_url = self._gen_webhook_url(listen, port, url_path)
self._bootstrap(
max_retries=bootstrap_retries,
clean=clean,
webhook_url=webhook_url,
cert=open(cert, 'rb'),
allowed_updates=allowed_updates,
)
elif clean:
self.logger.warning(
"cleaning updates is not supported if "
"SSL-termination happens elsewhere; skipping"
)
self.httpd.serve_forever(force_event_loop=force_event_loop, ready=ready)
@staticmethod
def _gen_webhook_url(listen: str, port: int, url_path: str) -> str:
return f'https://{listen}:{port}{url_path}'
@no_type_check
def _bootstrap(
self, max_retries, clean, webhook_url, allowed_updates, cert=None, bootstrap_interval=5
):
retries = [0]
def bootstrap_del_webhook():
self.bot.delete_webhook()
return False
def bootstrap_clean_updates():
self.logger.debug('Cleaning updates from Telegram server')
updates = self.bot.get_updates()
while updates:
updates = self.bot.get_updates(updates[-1].update_id + 1)
return False
def bootstrap_set_webhook():
self.bot.set_webhook(
url=webhook_url, certificate=cert, allowed_updates=allowed_updates
)
return False
def bootstrap_onerr_cb(exc):
if not isinstance(exc, Unauthorized) and (max_retries < 0 or retries[0] < max_retries):
retries[0] += 1
self.logger.warning(
'Failed bootstrap phase; try=%s max_retries=%s', retries[0], max_retries
)
else:
self.logger.error('Failed bootstrap phase after %s retries (%s)', retries[0], exc)
raise exc
# Cleaning pending messages is done by polling for them - so we need to delete webhook if
# one is configured.
# We also take this chance to delete pre-configured webhook if this is a polling Updater.
# NOTE: We don't know ahead if a webhook is configured, so we just delete.
if clean or not webhook_url:
self._network_loop_retry(
bootstrap_del_webhook,
bootstrap_onerr_cb,
'bootstrap del webhook',
bootstrap_interval,
)
retries[0] = 0
# Clean pending messages, if requested.
if clean:
self._network_loop_retry(
bootstrap_clean_updates,
bootstrap_onerr_cb,
'bootstrap clean updates',
bootstrap_interval,
)
retries[0] = 0
sleep(1)
# Restore/set webhook settings, if needed. Again, we don't know ahead if a webhook is set,
# so we set it anyhow.
if webhook_url:
self._network_loop_retry(
bootstrap_set_webhook,
bootstrap_onerr_cb,
'bootstrap set webhook',
bootstrap_interval,
)
def stop(self) -> None:
"""Stops the polling/webhook thread, the dispatcher and the job queue."""
self.job_queue.stop()
with self.__lock:
if self.running or self.dispatcher.has_running_threads:
self.logger.debug('Stopping Updater and Dispatcher...')
self.running = False
self._stop_httpd()
self._stop_dispatcher()
self._join_threads()
# Stop the Request instance only if it was created by the Updater
if self._request:
self._request.stop()
@no_type_check
def _stop_httpd(self) -> None:
if self.httpd:
self.logger.debug(
'Waiting for current webhook connection to be '
'closed... Send a Telegram message to the bot to exit '
'immediately.'
)
self.httpd.shutdown()
self.httpd = None
@no_type_check
def _stop_dispatcher(self) -> None:
self.logger.debug('Requesting Dispatcher to stop...')
self.dispatcher.stop()
@no_type_check
def _join_threads(self) -> None:
for thr in self.__threads:
self.logger.debug('Waiting for %s thread to end', thr.name)
thr.join()
self.logger.debug('%s thread has ended', thr.name)
self.__threads = []
@no_type_check
def signal_handler(self, signum, frame) -> None:
self.is_idle = False
if self.running:
self.logger.info(
'Received signal %s (%s), stopping...', signum, get_signal_name(signum)
)
if self.persistence:
# Update user_data, chat_data and bot_data before flushing
self.dispatcher.update_persistence()
self.persistence.flush()
self.stop()
if self.user_sig_handler:
self.user_sig_handler(signum, frame)
else:
self.logger.warning('Exiting immediately!')
# pylint: disable=C0415,W0212
import os
os._exit(1)
def idle(self, stop_signals: Union[List, Tuple] = (SIGINT, SIGTERM, SIGABRT)) -> None:
"""Blocks until one of the signals are received and stops the updater.
Args:
stop_signals (:obj:`list` | :obj:`tuple`): List containing signals from the signal
module that should be subscribed to. Updater.stop() will be called on receiving one
of those signals. Defaults to (``SIGINT``, ``SIGTERM``, ``SIGABRT``).
"""
for sig in stop_signals:
signal(sig, self.signal_handler)
self.is_idle = True
while self.is_idle:
sleep(1)
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