diff --git a/src/attr.rs b/src/attr.rs
index 8f1945f1..1c02d748 100644
--- a/src/attr.rs
+++ b/src/attr.rs
@@ -1,96 +1,153 @@
-use crate::Result;
+use crate::{error::compile_error_at, Result};
 
+use proc_macro2::Span;
 use syn::{
     parse::{Parse, ParseBuffer, ParseStream},
-    Attribute, LitStr, Token,
+    spanned::Spanned,
+    Attribute, Ident, Lit, Path, Token,
 };
 
-pub(crate) enum CommandAttrName {
-    Prefix,
-    Description,
-    Rename,
-    ParseWith,
-    Separator,
+pub(crate) fn fold_attrs<A, R>(
+    attrs: &[Attribute],
+    filter: fn(&Attribute) -> bool,
+    parse: impl Fn(Attr) -> Result<R>,
+    init: A,
+    f: impl Fn(A, R) -> Result<A>,
+) -> Result<A> {
+    attrs
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|&a| filter(a))
+        .flat_map(|attribute| {
+            // FIXME: don't allocate here
+            let attrs =
+                match attribute.parse_args_with(|input: &ParseBuffer| {
+                    input.parse_terminated::<_, Token![,]>(Attr::parse)
+                }) {
+                    Ok(ok) => ok,
+                    Err(err) => return vec![Err(err.into())],
+                };
+
+            attrs.into_iter().map(&parse).collect()
+        })
+        .try_fold(init, |acc, r| r.and_then(|r| f(acc, r)))
 }
 
-impl Parse for CommandAttrName {
-    fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> syn::Result<Self> {
-        let name_arg: syn::Ident = input.parse()?;
+/// An attribute key-value pair.
+///
+/// For example:
+/// ```text
+///   #[blahblah(key = "puff", value = 12, nope)]
+///              ^^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^
+/// ```
+pub(crate) struct Attr {
+    pub key: Ident,
+    pub value: AttrValue,
+}
 
-        match name_arg.to_string().as_str() {
-            "prefix" => Ok(CommandAttrName::Prefix),
-            "description" => Ok(CommandAttrName::Description),
-            "rename" => Ok(CommandAttrName::Rename),
-            "parse_with" => Ok(CommandAttrName::ParseWith),
-            "separator" => Ok(CommandAttrName::Separator),
-            _ => Err(syn::Error::new(
-                name_arg.span(),
-                "unexpected attribute name (expected one of `prefix`, \
-                 `description`, `rename`, `parse_with`, `separator`",
-            )),
+/// Value of an attribute.
+///
+/// For example:
+/// ```text
+///   #[blahblah(key = "puff", value = 12, nope)]
+///                    ^^^^^^          ^^     ^-- (None pseudo-value)
+/// ```
+pub(crate) enum AttrValue {
+    Path(Path),
+    Lit(Lit),
+    None(Span),
+}
+
+impl Parse for Attr {
+    fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> syn::Result<Self> {
+        let key = input.parse::<Ident>()?;
+
+        let value = match input.peek(Token![=]) {
+            true => {
+                input.parse::<Token![=]>()?;
+                input.parse::<AttrValue>()?
+            }
+            false => AttrValue::None(input.span()),
+        };
+
+        Ok(Self { key, value })
+    }
+}
+
+impl Attr {
+    pub(crate) fn span(&self) -> Span {
+        self.key.span().join(self.value.span()).unwrap_or(self.key.span())
+    }
+}
+
+impl AttrValue {
+    /// Unwraps this value if it's a string literal.
+    pub fn expect_string(self) -> Result<String> {
+        self.expect("a string", |this| match this {
+            AttrValue::Lit(Lit::Str(s)) => Ok(s.value()),
+            _ => Err(this),
+        })
+    }
+
+    // /// Unwraps this value if it's a path.
+    // pub fn expect_path(self) -> Result<Path> {
+    //     self.expect("a path", |this| match this {
+    //         AttrValue::Path(p) => Ok(p),
+    //         _ => Err(this),
+    //     })
+    // }
+
+    fn expect<T>(
+        self,
+        expected: &str,
+        f: impl FnOnce(Self) -> Result<T, Self>,
+    ) -> Result<T> {
+        f(self).map_err(|this| {
+            compile_error_at(
+                &format!("expected {expected}, found {}", this.descr()),
+                this.span(),
+            )
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn descr(&self) -> &'static str {
+        use Lit::*;
+
+        match self {
+            Self::None(_) => "nothing",
+            Self::Lit(l) => match l {
+                Str(_) | ByteStr(_) => "a string",
+                Char(_) => "a character",
+                Byte(_) | Int(_) => "an integer",
+                Float(_) => "a floating point integer",
+                Bool(_) => "a boolean",
+                Verbatim(_) => ":shrug:",
+            },
+            Self::Path(_) => "a path",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns span of the value
+    ///
+    /// ```text
+    ///   #[blahblah(key = "puff", value = 12, nope )]
+    ///                    ^^^^^^          ^^      ^
+    /// ```
+    fn span(&self) -> Span {
+        match self {
+            Self::Path(p) => p.span(),
+            Self::Lit(l) => l.span(),
+            Self::None(sp) => *sp,
         }
     }
 }
 
-pub(crate) struct CommandAttr {
-    pub name: CommandAttrName,
-    pub value: String,
-}
-
-impl Parse for CommandAttr {
+impl Parse for AttrValue {
     fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> syn::Result<Self> {
-        let name = input.parse::<CommandAttrName>()?;
+        let this = match input.peek(Lit) {
+            true => Self::Lit(input.parse()?),
+            false => Self::Path(input.parse()?),
+        };
 
-        // FIXME: this should support value-less attrs, as well as
-        //        non-string-literal values
-        input.parse::<Token![=]>()?;
-        let value = input.parse::<LitStr>()?.value();
-
-        Ok(Self { name, value })
-    }
-}
-
-pub(crate) struct CommandAttrs(Vec<CommandAttr>);
-
-impl CommandAttrs {
-    pub fn from_attributes(attributes: &[Attribute]) -> Result<Self> {
-        let mut attrs = Vec::new();
-
-        for attribute in attributes.iter().filter(is_command_attribute) {
-            let attrs_ = attribute.parse_args_with(|input: &ParseBuffer| {
-                input.parse_terminated::<_, Token![,]>(CommandAttr::parse)
-            })?;
-
-            attrs.extend(attrs_);
-        }
-
-        Ok(Self(attrs))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'a> IntoIterator for &'a CommandAttrs {
-    type Item = &'a CommandAttr;
-
-    type IntoIter = std::slice::Iter<'a, CommandAttr>;
-
-    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
-        self.0.iter()
-    }
-}
-
-impl IntoIterator for CommandAttrs {
-    type Item = CommandAttr;
-
-    type IntoIter = std::vec::IntoIter<CommandAttr>;
-
-    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
-        self.0.into_iter()
-    }
-}
-
-fn is_command_attribute(a: &&Attribute) -> bool {
-    match a.path.get_ident() {
-        Some(ident) => ident == "command",
-        _ => false,
+        Ok(this)
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/bot_commands.rs b/src/bot_commands.rs
index 85ea4a09..02b64e63 100644
--- a/src/bot_commands.rs
+++ b/src/bot_commands.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::{
-    attr::CommandAttrs, command::Command, command_enum::CommandEnum,
+    command::Command, command_attr::CommandAttrs, command_enum::CommandEnum,
     compile_error, fields_parse::impl_parse_args, unzip::Unzip, Result,
 };
 
diff --git a/src/command.rs b/src/command.rs
index b06038f1..769c83cc 100644
--- a/src/command.rs
+++ b/src/command.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{
-    attr::{self, CommandAttr, CommandAttrName},
-    command_enum::CommandEnum,
-    fields_parse::ParserType,
-    rename_rules::RenameRule,
-    Result,
+    command_attr::CommandAttrs, command_enum::CommandEnum,
+    fields_parse::ParserType, rename_rules::RenameRule, Result,
 };
 
 pub(crate) struct Command {
@@ -14,8 +11,7 @@ pub(crate) struct Command {
 }
 
 impl Command {
-    pub fn try_from(attrs: attr::CommandAttrs, name: &str) -> Result<Self> {
-        let attrs = parse_attrs(attrs)?;
+    pub fn try_from(attrs: CommandAttrs, name: &str) -> Result<Self> {
         let CommandAttrs {
             prefix,
             description,
@@ -24,7 +20,7 @@ impl Command {
             separator: _,
         } = attrs;
 
-        let name = rename_rule.apply(name);
+        let name = rename_rule.unwrap_or(RenameRule::Identity).apply(name);
 
         Ok(Self { prefix, description, parser, name })
     }
@@ -60,33 +56,3 @@ impl Command {
         self.description != Some("off".to_owned())
     }
 }
-
-pub(crate) struct CommandAttrs {
-    pub prefix: Option<String>,
-    pub description: Option<String>,
-    pub rename_rule: RenameRule,
-    pub parser: Option<ParserType>,
-    pub separator: Option<String>,
-}
-
-pub(crate) fn parse_attrs(attrs: attr::CommandAttrs) -> Result<CommandAttrs> {
-    let mut prefix = None;
-    let mut description = None;
-    let mut rename_rule = RenameRule::Identity;
-    let mut parser = None;
-    let mut separator = None;
-
-    for CommandAttr { name, value } in attrs {
-        match name {
-            CommandAttrName::Prefix => prefix = Some(value),
-            CommandAttrName::Description => description = Some(value),
-            CommandAttrName::Rename => rename_rule = RenameRule::parse(&value)?,
-            CommandAttrName::ParseWith => {
-                parser = Some(ParserType::parse(&value))
-            }
-            CommandAttrName::Separator => separator = Some(value),
-        }
-    }
-
-    Ok(CommandAttrs { prefix, description, rename_rule, parser, separator })
-}
diff --git a/src/command_attr.rs b/src/command_attr.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4550f679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/command_attr.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+use crate::{
+    attr::{fold_attrs, Attr},
+    error::compile_error_at,
+    fields_parse::ParserType,
+    rename_rules::RenameRule,
+    Result,
+};
+
+use proc_macro2::Span;
+use syn::Attribute;
+
+/// Attributes for `BotCommands` derive macro.
+pub(crate) struct CommandAttrs {
+    pub prefix: Option<String>,
+    pub description: Option<String>,
+    pub rename_rule: Option<RenameRule>,
+    pub parser: Option<ParserType>,
+    pub separator: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// An attribute for `BotCommands` derive macro.
+pub(crate) struct CommandAttr {
+    kind: CommandAttrKind,
+    sp: Span,
+}
+
+pub(crate) enum CommandAttrKind {
+    Prefix(String),
+    Description(String),
+    Rename(RenameRule),
+    ParseWith(ParserType),
+    Separator(String),
+}
+
+impl CommandAttrs {
+    pub fn from_attributes(attributes: &[Attribute]) -> Result<Self> {
+        use CommandAttrKind::*;
+
+        fold_attrs(
+            attributes,
+            is_command_attribute,
+            CommandAttr::parse,
+            Self {
+                prefix: None,
+                description: None,
+                rename_rule: None,
+                parser: None,
+                separator: None,
+            },
+            |mut this, attr| {
+                fn insert<T>(
+                    opt: &mut Option<T>,
+                    x: T,
+                    sp: Span,
+                ) -> Result<()> {
+                    match opt {
+                        slot @ None => {
+                            *slot = Some(x);
+                            Ok(())
+                        }
+                        Some(_) => {
+                            Err(compile_error_at("duplicate attribute", sp))
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                match attr.kind {
+                    Prefix(p) => insert(&mut this.prefix, p, attr.sp),
+                    Description(d) => insert(&mut this.description, d, attr.sp),
+                    Rename(r) => insert(&mut this.rename_rule, r, attr.sp),
+                    ParseWith(p) => insert(&mut this.parser, p, attr.sp),
+                    Separator(s) => insert(&mut this.separator, s, attr.sp),
+                }?;
+
+                Ok(this)
+            },
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl CommandAttr {
+    fn parse(attr: Attr) -> Result<Self> {
+        use CommandAttrKind::*;
+
+        let sp = attr.span();
+        let Attr { key, value } = attr;
+        let kind = match &*key.to_string() {
+            "prefix" => Prefix(value.expect_string()?),
+            "description" => Description(value.expect_string()?),
+            "rename" => Rename(
+                value.expect_string().and_then(|r| RenameRule::parse(&r))?,
+            ),
+            "parse_with" => {
+                ParseWith(value.expect_string().map(|p| ParserType::parse(&p))?)
+            }
+            "separator" => Separator(value.expect_string()?),
+            _ => {
+                return Err(compile_error_at(
+                    "unexpected attribute name (expected one of `prefix`, \
+                     `description`, `rename`, `parse_with` and `separator`",
+                    key.span(),
+                ))
+            }
+        };
+
+        Ok(Self { kind, sp })
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_command_attribute(a: &Attribute) -> bool {
+    match a.path.get_ident() {
+        Some(ident) => ident == "command",
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/command_enum.rs b/src/command_enum.rs
index 14aa0381..ad3959a0 100644
--- a/src/command_enum.rs
+++ b/src/command_enum.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use crate::{
-    attr, command::parse_attrs, fields_parse::ParserType,
+    command_attr::CommandAttrs, fields_parse::ParserType,
     rename_rules::RenameRule, Result,
 };
 
@@ -12,14 +12,17 @@ pub(crate) struct CommandEnum {
 }
 
 impl CommandEnum {
-    pub fn try_from(attrs: attr::CommandAttrs) -> Result<Self> {
-        let attrs = parse_attrs(attrs)?;
+    pub fn try_from(attrs: CommandAttrs) -> Result<Self> {
+        let CommandAttrs {
+            prefix,
+            description,
+            rename_rule,
+            parser,
+            separator,
+        } = attrs;
+        let mut parser = parser.unwrap_or(ParserType::Default);
 
-        let prefix = attrs.prefix;
-        let description = attrs.description;
-        let rename = attrs.rename_rule;
-        let separator = attrs.separator;
-        let mut parser = attrs.parser.unwrap_or(ParserType::Default);
+        // FIXME: Error on unused separator
         if let (ParserType::Split { separator }, Some(s)) =
             (&mut parser, &separator)
         {
@@ -28,7 +31,7 @@ impl CommandEnum {
         Ok(Self {
             prefix,
             description,
-            rename_rule: rename,
+            rename_rule: rename_rule.unwrap_or(RenameRule::Identity),
             parser_type: parser,
         })
     }
diff --git a/src/error.rs b/src/error.rs
index e2f98e98..3f1603bf 100644
--- a/src/error.rs
+++ b/src/error.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use proc_macro2::TokenStream;
+use proc_macro2::{Span, TokenStream};
 use quote::{quote, ToTokens};
 
 pub(crate) type Result<T, E = Error> = std::result::Result<T, E>;
@@ -13,6 +13,36 @@ where
     Error(quote! { compile_error! { #data } })
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn compile_error_at(msg: &str, sp: Span) -> Error {
+    use proc_macro2::{
+        Delimiter, Group, Ident, Literal, Punct, Spacing, TokenTree,
+    };
+    use std::iter::FromIterator;
+
+    // compile_error! { $msg }
+    let ts = TokenStream::from_iter(vec![
+        TokenTree::Ident(Ident::new("compile_error", sp)),
+        TokenTree::Punct({
+            let mut punct = Punct::new('!', Spacing::Alone);
+            punct.set_span(sp);
+            punct
+        }),
+        TokenTree::Group({
+            let mut group = Group::new(Delimiter::Brace, {
+                TokenStream::from_iter(vec![TokenTree::Literal({
+                    let mut string = Literal::string(msg);
+                    string.set_span(sp);
+                    string
+                })])
+            });
+            group.set_span(sp);
+            group
+        }),
+    ]);
+
+    Error(ts)
+}
+
 impl From<Error> for proc_macro2::TokenStream {
     fn from(Error(e): Error) -> Self {
         e
diff --git a/src/fields_parse.rs b/src/fields_parse.rs
index d3a4ab34..a9a2d0b2 100644
--- a/src/fields_parse.rs
+++ b/src/fields_parse.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ pub(crate) enum ParserType {
 }
 
 impl ParserType {
+    // FIXME: use path for custom
     pub fn parse(data: &str) -> Self {
         match data {
             "default" => ParserType::Default,
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
index e590ead3..bb0e0c04 100644
--- a/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ extern crate proc_macro;
 mod attr;
 mod bot_commands;
 mod command;
+mod command_attr;
 mod command_enum;
 mod error;
 mod fields_parse;